Plant Diversity

Question 1

Some land plants with vascular tissues DO NOT have seeds

True or false

Answer 1

True

exp. from class: ferns, horsetails, club mosses

Question 2

4 ways to group plants that are adapted to live on land

Answer 2

1. Vascular tissue vs no vascular tissue
2. specialized Seeds vs spores
3. Specialized Flowers vs no flowers
4. fruit vs no fruit

Question 3

are seeds diploid or haploid?

Answer 3

diploid

Question 4

3 challenges of moving from sea to land

Answer 4

1. risk of desiccation
2. lack of supportive tissue to remain upright(and compete for sunlight)
3. lack of water for flagellated gametes to swim through

Question 5

are spores diploid or haploid?

Answer 5

haploid

Question 6

2 drawbacks of being a bryophyte

Answer 6

1. they must be small/short bc they have no efficient means of moving water great distances around their bodies
2. they have to live in very moist places

Question 7

2 types of plants who use seeds

Answer 7

1. gymnosperms (no seed coats)

2. angiosperms (seed coats)

Question 8

2 main differences between bryophytes and seed plants

Answer 8

1. seed plants use gametes pollen sperm and ovule egg that fuse (rather than unicellular spores that don’t fuse)
2. seed plants have seeds (duh)

Question 9

Whose seeds often form on cones?

gymnosperms or angiosperms

Answer 9

gymnosperms

Question 10

Vascular tissue

Answer 10

plant tissue made up of cells that join to form tubes that transport water, nutrients, and sugars around the plant

Question 11

integument

Answer 11

fancy word for ‘protective layer’, as in what seeds have

Question 12

Angiosperm

Answer 12

plants with seeds AND fruit AND flowers

Question 13

How long ago small plants, fungi, animals begin to colonize land

Answer 13

~500 million years ago:

Question 14

Gymnosperm

Answer 14

plants with seeds but no fruit

Question 15

5 reasons why seed system is better than spores

Answer 15

1. seeds are more genetically varied than spores
2. seeds have protective coats to prevent desication
3. seeds can travel through the air or on animals
4. pollen & seeds can travel much greater distances, through the air or on pollinators
5. seeds can go dormant to survive longer (bc they have protection and food supply)

Question 16

Two types of seed cones

Answer 16

1. ovule cones

2. pollen cones

Question 17

Conifers

Answer 17

cone bearing plants

Question 18

Pollen tube

Answer 18

duh

Question 19

Drawbacks of bryophyte reproduction

Answer 19

1. it requires water (for gametes to swim through)
2. its gamete cells/spores can’t survive outside of water and can’t survive on their own very long bc they have no internal system for sustenance/food supply

Question 20

fertilization

Answer 20

duh

Question 21

pollen grain

Answer 21

seed plant sperm gamete

has a protective pollen wall

Question 22

Why vascular tissue is better than diffusion

Answer 22

1. the tubes it has transports water and food more efficiently in larger/tall plants
2. the structural tissues it has helps the plant stay upright/grow taller to reach sunlight better

Question 23

5 Flower structures from Dr. C slides

Answer 23

1. whorl
2. sepal
3. petal
4. carpal
5. stamen

Question 24

5 benefits of moving from sea to land

Answer 24

1. Unfiltered sunlight
2. Higher CO2 concentrations
3. Fewer herbivores and pathogens (during initial land colonization)
4. Nutrient rich soils
5. less competition

Question 25

difference between gymnosperm seeds and angiosperm SEEDS

Answer 25

gymnosperm seeds are not contained in fruit

Question 26

2 Gymnosperm plants' pollen traits

Answer 26

sticky | lightweight

Question 27

How gymnosperm plants are usually pollinated

Answer 27

wind pollination

Question 28

2 types of vascular tissue in plants

Answer 28

1. Xylem (moves water) | 2. Phloem (moves food)

Question 29

How long plant seeds can stay dormant

Answer 29

100s of years in some cases

Question 30

How long ago some cyanobacteria and protists appeared on land

Answer 30

1.2 billion years ago:

Question 31

Bryophytes

Answer 31

group of plants adapted for life on land but DO NOT have vascular tissue and DO NOT have flowers

Question 32

ovule

Answer 32

seed plant egg gamete has a protective covering

Question 33

How bryophytes transport water (without vascular tissue)

Answer 33

diffusion from cell to cell | which is supper inefficient and would never work in a very large/tall plant