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Biology 1114 > Plant Diversity > Flashcards

Plant Diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

Some land plants with vascular tissues DO NOT have seeds

True or false

A

True

exp. from class: ferns, horsetails, club mosses

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2
Q

4 ways to group plants that are adapted to live on land

A
  1. Vascular tissue vs no vascular tissue
  2. specialized Seeds vs spores
  3. Specialized Flowers vs no flowers
  4. fruit vs no fruit
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3
Q

are seeds diploid or haploid?

A

diploid

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4
Q

3 challenges of moving from sea to land

A
  1. risk of desiccation
  2. lack of supportive tissue to remain upright(and compete for sunlight)
  3. lack of water for flagellated gametes to swim through
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5
Q

are spores diploid or haploid?

A

haploid

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6
Q

2 drawbacks of being a bryophyte

A
  1. they must be small/short bc they have no efficient means of moving water great distances around their bodies
  2. they have to live in very moist places
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7
Q

2 types of plants who use seeds

A
  1. gymnosperms (no seed coats)

2. angiosperms (seed coats)

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8
Q

2 main differences between bryophytes and seed plants

A
  1. seed plants use gametes pollen sperm and ovule egg that fuse (rather than unicellular spores that don’t fuse)
  2. seed plants have seeds (duh)
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9
Q

Whose seeds often form on cones?

gymnosperms or angiosperms

A

gymnosperms

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10
Q

Vascular tissue

A

plant tissue made up of cells that join to form tubes that transport water, nutrients, and sugars around the plant

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11
Q

integument

A

fancy word for ‘protective layer’, as in what seeds have

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12
Q

Angiosperm

A

plants with seeds AND fruit AND flowers

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13
Q

How long ago small plants, fungi, animals begin to colonize land

A

~500 million years ago:

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14
Q

Gymnosperm

A

plants with seeds but no fruit

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15
Q

5 reasons why seed system is better than spores

A
  1. seeds are more genetically varied than spores
  2. seeds have protective coats to prevent desication
  3. seeds can travel through the air or on animals
  4. pollen & seeds can travel much greater distances, through the air or on pollinators
  5. seeds can go dormant to survive longer (bc they have protection and food supply)
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16
Q

Two types of seed cones

A
  1. ovule cones

2. pollen cones

17
Q

Conifers

A

cone bearing plants

18
Q

Pollen tube

A

duh

19
Q

Drawbacks of bryophyte reproduction

A
  1. it requires water (for gametes to swim through)
  2. its gamete cells/spores can’t survive outside of water and can’t survive on their own very long bc they have no internal system for sustenance/food supply
20
Q

fertilization

A

duh

21
Q

pollen grain

A

seed plant sperm gamete

has a protective pollen wall

22
Q

Why vascular tissue is better than diffusion

A
  1. the tubes it has transports water and food more efficiently in larger/tall plants
  2. the structural tissues it has helps the plant stay upright/grow taller to reach sunlight better
23
Q

5 Flower structures from Dr. C slides

A
  1. whorl
  2. sepal
  3. petal
  4. carpal
  5. stamen
24
Q

5 benefits of moving from sea to land

A
  1. Unfiltered sunlight
  2. Higher CO2 concentrations
  3. Fewer herbivores and pathogens (during initial land colonization)
  4. Nutrient rich soils
  5. less competition
25
Q

difference between gymnosperm seeds and angiosperm SEEDS

A

gymnosperm seeds are not contained in fruit

26
Q

2 Gymnosperm plants’ pollen traits

A

sticky

lightweight

27
Q

How gymnosperm plants are usually pollinated

A

wind pollination

28
Q

2 types of vascular tissue in plants

A
  1. Xylem (moves water)

2. Phloem (moves food)

29
Q

How long plant seeds can stay dormant

A

100s of years in some cases

30
Q

How long ago some cyanobacteria and protists appeared on land

A

1.2 billion years ago:

31
Q

Bryophytes

A

group of plants adapted for life on land but DO NOT have vascular tissue and DO NOT have flowers

32
Q

ovule

A

seed plant egg gamete

has a protective covering

33
Q

How bryophytes transport water (without vascular tissue)

A

diffusion from cell to cell

which is supper inefficient and would never work in a very large/tall plant

Biology 1114 (24 decks)

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