Fungi (Frogs vs. chytrid)

Question 1

chytrid-climate paradox

Answer 1

what scientists called it when they first noticed that chytrid wasn’t dying off/frog extinctions weren’t going down as climate increased past where chytrid should have been killed

Question 2

tropic average daily temperatures

Answer 2

impacted by process where plants’ sweat clouds make the habitat cooler in the day and later, trap heat making it warmer at night

resulted in a more moderate overall temp for chytrid to not die

Question 3

sporangia

Answer 3

a receptacle in which asexual spores are formed.

found in stage 3 of chytrid infection

Question 4

Main point of cladogram (bar graph) showing % of extinct frogs at various temperatures

Answer 4

frog extinction rates are highest in moderate climates/moderate elevation (where chytrid functions best),

Question 5

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Answer 5

chytrid fungus from lecture involved in frog die off

Question 6

Fungi

Answer 6

Heterotrophs that feed by breaking down compounds outside their bodies

Question 7

Main point of scatter plot graph showing temp vs altitude in chytrid/frog habitat

Answer 7

temp goes down as elevation goes up

Go too low, chytrid too hot. Go too high, chytrid too cold

Question 8

Chytridiomycosis

Answer 8

: chytridfungal infection of the skin of amphibians

Question 9

chytrid case:fatality rate/mortality rate

Answer 9

100%

Question 10

Chytrid

Answer 10

unicellular, parasitic fungus giving frogs and amphibians all kinds of hell.

usually found underwater growing on dead plant or animal matter.

Question 11

transpiration

Answer 11

like sweating, but for plants (who release heat/let off water and O2 through their stomata

Question 12

% of amphibian species classified as vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered (in part bc of chytrid infections)

Answer 12

32%

Question 13

Chytrid’s ideal climate

Answer 13

grows and reproduces best between 17-25oC

peak performance 23oC (~73oF)

Question 14

Hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 14

how fungi breakdown molecules; results in decomposition

Question 15

4 stages of chytrid infection

Answer 15

1. Flagellated aquatic fungal spores burrow into amphibian skin
2. Spores Mature & develop into sporangia
3. Sporangia release more spores into skin
4. As spore load increases skin begins sloughing off, cardiac and respiratory function may be interrupted

Question 16

stomata

Answer 16

like a sweat gland, but for plants

found on underside of the leaves