Chpt 51: (13) Ecology

Question 1

Survivorship curve

Answer 1

shows on a graph the proportion of individuals still alive by age group

Question 2

What S represents in mark-n-capture calculations

Answer 2

of captured and tagged individuals

Question 3

Density INdependent population effects

Answer 3

result in birth and death rates that DO NOT vary as a function of population size

exp. hurricanes, droughts

Question 4

Exponential population growth (model)

Answer 4

1 or 2 types of population growth (models)

population grows increasingly rapidly like weeds, exponentially, with no limiting factors to slow it down.

Represents max possible growth rate (because it’s based solely on birth & death rates and doesn’t account for resource or environmental limitations)

Question 5

Per capita birth rate (little b) definition

Answer 5

Rate that can be applied to population regardless of its size

Represents the number of offspring produced by the avg member of a population per unit time

Question 6

Type I survival curve

that would be shown on a survivorship graph

Answer 6

1 of 3 types of survivorship graph curves

Involves flat/steady survivorship throughout life, with steep/dramatic increase in deaths happening in old age (usually in org. that have few offspring)

exp from class: elephants

Question 7

Death rate (big D) definition

Answer 7

Number of deaths in a population at a given time

Question 8

What n represents in mark-n-capture calculations

Answer 8

number of individuals who were caught the second time, but not the first time

Question 9

Density dependent population effects

Answer 9

result in birth and death rates that vary as a function of population size

esp. too little food

Question 10

What little b represents (in population ecology)

Answer 10

Birth rate (specifically meant to represent the avg # of births per individual)

Number of births/total population

Question 11

Type II survival curve

that would be shown on a survivorship graph

Answer 11

1 of 3 types of survivorship graph curves

Involves a linear likelihood of death at all stages of life (like a hypoteneous);

Question 12

Carrying capacity (K) definition

Answer 12

max population size that a given environment can sustain

Question 13

Ecology

Answer 13

the study of how organisms interact with each other and with their abiotic & biotic environment

Question 14

What x represents in mark-n-capture calculations

Answer 14

of REcaptured an tagged individuals

Question 15

3 types of survival curves (that would be shown on a survivorship graph)

Answer 15

1. Type I
2. Type II
3. Type III

Question 16

Formula for calculating patterns of population GROWTH

Answer 16

(Little b-little d)(N)

(Birth RATE - death RATE)(number of individuals in a population)

This is not the same as calculating how many individuals there are at particular instant in time!!!

Question 17

4 main parts of mark-recapture

Answer 17

1. Catch
2. Mark
3. Release
4. Catch again, and calculated the ratio of re-captured to newly captured

Re-captured to newly recaptured is supposed to give you a sense of the total population size.

Question 18

Birth rate (big B) definition

Answer 18

Number of births in a population at a given time

Question 19

Mark and recapture method is a type of

Answer 19

Measurement for population size

Question 20

When you can represent population size in terms of N

Answer 20

When N is meant to represent the number of individuals in a SINGLE population.

Cannot be applied to multiple populations because it is based on exact numbers, not proportions or rates

Question 21

3 levels of ecology

Answer 21

1. population ecology
2. community ecology
3. global ecology

Question 22

Survivorship

Answer 22

the proportion of individuals that live to a certain age

Question 23

Per capita death rate (little d) definition

Answer 23

Rate that can be applied to population regardless of its size

Represents the represents the expected death rate per unit time

Question 24

Population ecology according to Dr. C

Answer 24

Study of population sizes and why/how they change over time

Question 25

What N represents in mark-n-capture calculations

Answer 25

estimated total population size

Question 26

Type III survival curve

that would be shown on a survivorship graph

Answer 26

1 of 3 types of survivorship graph curves

involves dramatic/steep increase in deaths during childhood/orgs more likely to die young and then leveling out through the remaining stages of life (usually in orgs who have many, many children and do very little parental care)

Question 27

2 types of population growth (models)

Answer 27

1. exponential

2. logistic

Question 28

Logical population growth (model)

Answer 28

1 of 2 types population growth (models)

why pop grows quickly but then slows as it approaches its carrying capacity

Question 29

Forumula for estimating pop size with mark-n-capture method

Answer 29

S/N=x/n

(# of captured and tagged individuals/estimated total population size) = (# of REcaptured an tagged individuals/# number of individuals who were caught the second time, but not the first time)

Question 30

What little d represents (in population ecology)???

Answer 30

Death rate (specifically meant to represent avg number of deaths in population)

Number of deaths/total population

Question 31

What little r represents (in population ecology calculations)

Answer 31

per capita population growth (number of individuals added per each individual already born during a given time period)