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Biology 1114 > Lab practical > Flashcards

Lab practical Flashcards

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1
Q

Dorsal

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Near or toward the back

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2
Q

What makes an animal an animal

Lab 9

A

Multicellular Locomotion
Heterotrophs
Tissues (to organs, to organ systems)
Endoskeleton

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3
Q

3 Germ layers (names of them)

lab 9

A

endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm

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4
Q

3 lab hazards

lab safety

A

sharps
biohazardous waste
specimens

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5
Q

Proximal

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Close to a point of reference. No distal

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6
Q

cephalization

lab 9

A

concentration of sensory organs (platy flatworm)

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7
Q

(Doral hollow) Nerve cord

Lab 9

A

1 of 4 characteristics of chordates

Nerve fiber tube that develops into the CNS

Runs along the back (unlike with other phyla who have ventral nerve chords that run along the belly)

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8
Q

Blastula

lab 9

A

What you get (in early embryogenesis) when a single cell has divided into many, many additional, highly compacted cells that clump together against one of the inner walls, resulting in the formation of a hollow cavity opposite the clump

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9
Q

what b and logC represents

Island Biogeography Lab

A

log of the #of species you have when A (area) = 1

essentially, it’s a baseline # of species

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10
Q

Pelvic

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Relating to the hip region

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11
Q

Triploblastic animals

lab 9

A

animals that have all three germ layers

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12
Q

blastocyst

Khan lab 9

A

what you call a blastula (in early embryogenesis) that has formed it’s cell clump and blastocoel cavity

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13
Q

Null hypothesis

lab 10 arthropod bx

A

A prediction of what you should observe when/if the ‘alternative’ (aka ‘research’) hypothesis is false

Given by H0

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14
Q

Muscular post anal tail

Lab 9

A

1 of 4 characteristics of chordates

Tail (for swimming or wagging or shriveling into a coccyx tailbone)

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15
Q

Types of wastes bins

lab safety

A

sharps bin
biohazard bin
regular trash bin

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16
Q

Null hypothesis FAILS to be rejected if…
(Accept your alternative hypothesis if…)
(lab 10 arthropod bx)

A

Your data turns out to be random, after all

Determined by using a table to relate your chi squared value to your degree of freedom value, with respect to your experiment’s established p value and the table’s listed statistical significance threshold

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17
Q 
parazoa character
(lab 9)
A

describes animals that DO NOT have true tissues

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18
Q

t -test definition

spice lab

A

used to compare means (like from a bar chart) while accounting for sample size and spread of the data

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19
Q

Kinesis???!!!

lab 10 arthropod bx

A

Per Susan: a non-directional change in activity rate in response to a stimulus

Movement/motion (as in movement of a cell or organism)

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20
Q

2 types of cnidaria body types

lab 9

A

sedentary polyp

floating medusa

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21
Q

2 characteristics of protostome cells

lab 9

A
  1. they are NOT stacked directly on top of one another

2. they are determinant (removing any will cause the embryo to die)

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22
Q

4 things about platyhelminthes (platy-hell-minth-haze) phylum
(Lab 9)

A

Soft unsegmented worms (like flat worms & tape worms)
Oldest triploblasts
Acoelomates
Undifferentiated cells (you can cut one in half and the 2 ends will keep growing)

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23
Q

Why we compared animals by phylum

lab 9

A

differences between animals at this level occur in the embryonic stage

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24
Q

non-logarithmic way to write formula for spices #

Island Biogeography Lab

A

S=(CA)^z

where S = # of speices
C = S values when A = 1
A = area
z = rate of change

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25
Q

names of the 2 germ layers that diploblastic animals have

lab 9

A
  1. ectoderm

2. endoderm

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26
Q

Coelom (sea-lum)

lab 9

A

fluid filled cavity in the mesoderm that provides structural support and stores/protects organs, allowing them to move separately from the body wall

(since it’s in the mesoderm, only triploblastic animals have it)

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27
Q

Superficial

R/t dissection lab 13

A

On or near the surface

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28
Q

Deep

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Some distance beneath the surface

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29
Q

Type of graph you use a t test for

spice lab

A

bar graph

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30
Q

p-value

lab 10 arthropod bx

A

Quantitative representation of how ‘correct’ your null hypothesis is/was (based on how your results compare with established p-values for randomness)

May be r/t your Chi square value as shown on a reference table p.193

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31
Q 
lophotrochozoa character
(lab 9)
A

describes animals who have trochophore larvae

includes mollusca, annelid, and Platyhelminthes

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32
Q

4 things about nemotoda phyla???

A

Mostly parasites like hook worms
Psuedocoelomates
Flexible cuticle/exoskeleton AND hydrostatic skeleton???

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33
Q

4 things about annalida phylum

Lab 9

A 
Leaches, earthworms, lugworms
Coelomate
Nerve cord
Gas exchange
Hydrostatic skeleton
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34
Q

Sagittal plane

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Relating to the midplane that divides the structure into right and left halves

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35
Q

‘blast’ suffix

lab 9

A

refers to an immature stage of development in a cell or tissue, such as a bud or germ cell

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36
Q 
eumetazoa character
(lab 9)
A

describes animals that have true tissues

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37
Q

trochophore larvae

lab 9

A

produced by animals with lophotrochozoa character

is a type of free-swimming planktonic marine larvae with several bands of cilia.

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38
Q

3 Germ layers (definition)

lab 9

A

3 layers in early embryogenesis body plan that eventually develop into other, separate things/structures

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39
Q

germ layer

lab 9

A

a group of cells in an embryo that interact with each other as the embryo develops and contribute to the formation of all organs and tissues.

All animals, except perhaps sponges, form two or three germ layers. The germ layers develop early in embryonic life, through the process of gastrulation.

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40
Q 
radiata character
(lab 9)
A

describes when animals have RADIAL symmetry LARVAE

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41
Q

Spiral cleavage

lab 9

A

special kind of cell division (in early embryogenesis) that protostomes do

42
Q

Pectoral

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Relating to the chest and shoulder region

43
Q

Blastocoel (blast-o-seal)

lab 9

A

what you call the hollow cavity opposite the clump of cells inside a blastula

filled with fluid

44
Q

Median

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Near or toward the middle

45
Q

Alternative hypothesis

lab 10 arthropod bx

A

Aka ‘research’ hypothesis

The hypothesis you’re trying to validate

Given by Ha

46
Q

3 main body parts of mollusca phyllum

lab 9

A

muscular foot
visceral mass (of organs)
Mantle (covers the viscera)

47
Q

invaginate

lab 9

A

what you call it (in early embryogenesis) when a blastula folds into itself and forms a gastrula

48
Q

4 things about mollusca phylum

Lab 9

A

Includes bivalve oysters, snails, octopi, squid
Muscular foot
Visceral mass coelom
Mantle

49
Q

4 things about chordata phylum

Lab 9

A

Notochord
Dorsal nerve cord
Gill slits
Muscular post-anal tail

50
Q

Transverse plane

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Relating to a plane separating anterior and posterior

Perpendicular to the longitudinal axis

51
Q

Larva (larvae pl)

lab 9

A

an immature form of an animal (usually an insect)

52
Q

cuticle

A

exoskeleton

53
Q

embryo

lab 9

A

an unborn/unhatched offspring that is in the process development

54
Q

Degrees of freedom

lab 10 arthropod bx

A

Statistics jargon

= number of test conditions - 1 (see p.193)

You use it to relate your chi squared values to p-values when the two are related together on a table

55
Q 
Ecdysozoa character
(lab 9)
A

describes animals that molt (loose their exoskeleton)

must shed to grow

56
Q

blastopore

lab 9

A

what you call the dent that forms during gastrulation (in early embryology) that will eventually become a mouth or an anus

57
Q

Gastrula

lab 9

A

what you call a blastula (in early embryogenesis) that has completed gastrulation

58
Q 
bilateria character
(lab 9)
A

describes when animals have bilateral symmetry AS LARVAE

59
Q

Caudal

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Near or towards the tail end

60
Q

body plan

lab 9

A

a group of structural and developmental characteristics that can be used to identify a group of animals, such as a phylum.

61
Q

Arthropod

lab 10 arthropod bx

A

Types of Invertebrates (creatures w/o back bones)

(Invertebrates are types of animals)

Exp. insects, spiders, crustaceans

62
Q

Posterior

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Near or towards the hind end

63
Q

what y and logS represents

Island Biogeography Lab

A

log of the # of spices in a given area

64
Q

3 types of triploblastic body plans

lab 9

A
  1. acoelomate
  2. psyedocoelomate
  3. coelmate
65
Q

2 characteristics of deuterostomes cells

lab 9

A
  1. they ARE stacked directly on top of one another

2. they are INdeterminant (if you remove any, the embryo will develop like nothing happened)

66
Q

True tissue

lab 9

A

Is a tissue that came from cells that divided from a single, original cell

67
Q

Ventral

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Near or toward the belly

68
Q

deuterostomes

lab 9

A

monophyletic superphylum of animals whose blastopore develops into an asshole

only includes echinodermatata and chordata

69
Q

coelomate

lab 9

A

1 of 3 types of triploblastic body plans

coelom completely enclosed by the mesoderm
as in endoderm, then mesoderm, then coelom, then ectoderm

70
Q

protostomes

lab 9

A

animals whose embryonic cells divide spirally and whose blastopore develops into a mouth

71
Q

requirements for null model for Hardy Winberg Equilibrium

lab 1 evo and pop genetics

A

no genetic drift
no gene flow
no mutation
no selection (of any kind

alt. model is that evolutions IS occurring, as a result of one or more of the above mechanisms

72
Q

differentiation

lab 9

A

the process (in early embryogenesis) where the cells that have been dividing (but not growing) from the original cell start to take on different form to be come different structures.

cells become distinguishable as they start turning into what they’ll become later

73
Q 
planktonic character
(lab 9)
A

describes a microscopic animal that floats or drifts

74
Q

embryogenesis

lab 9

A

the formation/development of an embryo

75
Q

Gastrulation

lab 9

A

the process (in early embryogenesis) when a dent forms as the blastula starts to cave in on itself, changing from a blastula into a gastrula.

76
Q

cleavage

lab 9

A

the process (in early embryogenesis) where a single (fertilized) cell divides without growing

77
Q 
protonephridia structure(s)
(lab 9)
A

tube like a shit hole for osmoregulation (platy flatworm)

78
Q

what x and logA represents

Island Biogeography Lab

A

the log of the area in the formula for # of spices

79
Q

number of germ layers that triploblastic animals have

lab 9

A

3

80
Q

Distal

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Far from a point of reference

81
Q

Anterior

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Near/towards the head end

82
Q

number of germ layers that diploblastic animals have

lab 9

A

2

83
Q

metamerism

A

serial repetition of segments ; organs repeated in each segment except for digestive tract

84
Q

4 things about cnidaria (nye-DARE-eeyah) phylum

Lab 9

A

Jellies, anemones, corals, hydras
2 germ layers (diploblast)
Protostomes (mouth first)
Stinging cnidocyte cells/barbs

85
Q

symbol for Chi squared

lab 10 arthropod bx

A

Greek letter X^2

86
Q

psuedocoelomate

lab 9

A

1 of 3 types of triploblastic body plans

‘Incomplete coelom’; exists between the mesoderm and endoderm

coelom enclosed between mesoderm and some other layer of something else
(as in endoderm, then psudocoelom, then mesoderm,then ectoderm)

87
Q

what m and z represents

Island Biogeography Lab

A

the slope in the linear formula for # of spices

88
Q

Isopod

lab 10 arthropod bx

A

Type of crustacean

Crustaceans are types of arthropods, and arthropods are types of invertebrates, and invertebrates are types of animals

89
Q

4 things about arthropoda phylum

Lab 9

A

Segmented bodies (whih

90
Q

Lateral

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Near or toward the middle

91
Q

radial cleavage

lab 9

A

special kind of cell division (in early embryogenesis) that deuterostomes do

92
Q

acoelomate

lab 9

A

1 of 3 types of triploblastic body plans

has all 3 germ layers but does not have a coelom

93
Q

Rate of change in direction

lab 10 arthropod bx

A

Measurement of change in an activity rate 2o to stimlus

Exp. change in speed

94
Q

tagmata

A

arthropod body segments

95
Q

4 things about porifera (pro-riff-erah) phylum

Lab 9

A

Sponges
No germ layers
No tissues or organs
UNDIFFERENTIATED cells

96
Q

Pharyngeal (gill) slits

Lab 9

A

1 of 4 characteristics of chordates

Slits that develop into filters or gills or (in terrestrial chordates) structures around the jaw, ears, and neck

97
Q

Null hypothesis is rejected if…

lab 10 arthropod bx

A

Your data turns out to NOT be random

Determined by using a table to relate your chi squared value to your degree of freedom value, with respect to your experiment’s established p value and the table’s listed statistical significance threshold

98
Q

Frontal plane

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Related to a plane separating dorsal from ventral

99
Q

Categories for comparative anatomy matrix

lab 9

A 
Symmetry
Blastopore fate
Coelom
germ layers
Type of skeleton
true tissue
molting
segmented body
100
Q

Taxis???!!!

lab 10 arthropod bx

A

Movement in response to a stimulus

101
Q 
notochord structure
(Lab 9)
A

1 of 4 characteristics of chordates

Cartilage tube running between the digestive tube and the nerve cord; skeleton usually develops around this so muscles can attach

Biology 1114 (24 decks)

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