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Biology 1114 > Lab practical > Flashcards

Lab practical Flashcards

1
Q

Dorsal

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Near or toward the back

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2
Q

What makes an animal an animal

Lab 9

A

Multicellular Locomotion
Heterotrophs
Tissues (to organs, to organ systems)
Endoskeleton

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3
Q

3 Germ layers (names of them)

lab 9

A

endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm

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4
Q

3 lab hazards

lab safety

A

sharps
biohazardous waste
specimens

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5
Q

Proximal

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Close to a point of reference. No distal

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6
Q

cephalization

lab 9

A

concentration of sensory organs (platy flatworm)

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7
Q

(Doral hollow) Nerve cord

Lab 9

A

1 of 4 characteristics of chordates

Nerve fiber tube that develops into the CNS

Runs along the back (unlike with other phyla who have ventral nerve chords that run along the belly)

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8
Q

Blastula

lab 9

A

What you get (in early embryogenesis) when a single cell has divided into many, many additional, highly compacted cells that clump together against one of the inner walls, resulting in the formation of a hollow cavity opposite the clump

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9
Q

what b and logC represents

Island Biogeography Lab

A

log of the #of species you have when A (area) = 1

essentially, it’s a baseline # of species

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10
Q

Pelvic

R/t dissection lab 13

A

Relating to the hip region

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11
Q

Triploblastic animals

lab 9

A

animals that have all three germ layers

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12
Q

blastocyst

Khan lab 9

A

what you call a blastula (in early embryogenesis) that has formed it’s cell clump and blastocoel cavity

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13
Q

Null hypothesis

lab 10 arthropod bx

A

A prediction of what you should observe when/if the ‘alternative’ (aka ‘research’) hypothesis is false

Given by H0

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14
Q

Muscular post anal tail

Lab 9

A

1 of 4 characteristics of chordates

Tail (for swimming or wagging or shriveling into a coccyx tailbone)

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15
Q

Types of wastes bins

lab safety

A

sharps bin
biohazard bin
regular trash bin

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16
Q

Null hypothesis FAILS to be rejected if…
(Accept your alternative hypothesis if…)
(lab 10 arthropod bx)

A

Your data turns out to be random, after all

Determined by using a table to relate your chi squared value to your degree of freedom value, with respect to your experiment’s established p value and the table’s listed statistical significance threshold

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17
Q 
parazoa character
(lab 9)
A

describes animals that DO NOT have true tissues

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18
Q

t -test definition

spice lab

A

used to compare means (like from a bar chart) while accounting for sample size and spread of the data

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19
Q

Kinesis???!!!

lab 10 arthropod bx

A

Per Susan: a non-directional change in activity rate in response to a stimulus

Movement/motion (as in movement of a cell or organism)

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20
Q

2 types of cnidaria body types

lab 9

A

sedentary polyp

floating medusa

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21
Q

2 characteristics of protostome cells

lab 9

A
  1. they are NOT stacked directly on top of one another

2. they are determinant (removing any will cause the embryo to die)

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22
Q

4 things about platyhelminthes (platy-hell-minth-haze) phylum
(Lab 9)

A

Soft unsegmented worms (like flat worms & tape worms)
Oldest triploblasts
Acoelomates
Undifferentiated cells (you can cut one in half and the 2 ends will keep growing)

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23
Q

Why we compared animals by phylum

lab 9

A

differences between animals at this level occur in the embryonic stage

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24
Q

non-logarithmic way to write formula for spices #

Island Biogeography Lab

A

S=(CA)^z

where S = # of speices
C = S values when A = 1
A = area
z = rate of change

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25
names of the 2 germ layers that diploblastic animals have | lab 9
1. ectoderm | 2. endoderm
26
Coelom (sea-lum) | lab 9
fluid filled cavity in the mesoderm that provides structural support and stores/protects organs, allowing them to move separately from the body wall (since it's in the mesoderm, only triploblastic animals have it)
27
Superficial | R/t dissection lab 13
On or near the surface
28
Deep | R/t dissection lab 13
Some distance beneath the surface
29
Type of graph you use a t test for | spice lab
bar graph
30
p-value | lab 10 arthropod bx
Quantitative representation of how ‘correct’ your null hypothesis is/was (based on how your results compare with established p-values for randomness) May be r/t your Chi square value as shown on a reference table p.193
31
``` lophotrochozoa character (lab 9) ```
describes animals who have trochophore larvae includes mollusca, annelid, and Platyhelminthes
32
4 things about nemotoda phyla???
Mostly parasites like hook worms Psuedocoelomates Flexible cuticle/exoskeleton AND hydrostatic skeleton???
33
4 things about annalida phylum | Lab 9
``` Leaches, earthworms, lugworms Coelomate Nerve cord Gas exchange Hydrostatic skeleton ```
34
Sagittal plane | R/t dissection lab 13
Relating to the midplane that divides the structure into right and left halves
35
'blast' suffix | lab 9
refers to an immature stage of development in a cell or tissue, such as a bud or germ cell
36
``` eumetazoa character (lab 9) ```
describes animals that have true tissues
37
trochophore larvae | lab 9
produced by animals with lophotrochozoa character is a type of free-swimming planktonic marine larvae with several bands of cilia.
38
3 Germ layers (definition) | lab 9
3 layers in early embryogenesis body plan that eventually develop into other, separate things/structures
39
germ layer | lab 9
a group of cells in an embryo that interact with each other as the embryo develops and contribute to the formation of all organs and tissues. All animals, except perhaps sponges, form two or three germ layers. The germ layers develop early in embryonic life, through the process of gastrulation.
40
``` radiata character (lab 9) ```
describes when animals have RADIAL symmetry LARVAE
41
Spiral cleavage | lab 9
special kind of cell division (in early embryogenesis) that protostomes do
42
Pectoral | R/t dissection lab 13
Relating to the chest and shoulder region
43
Blastocoel (blast-o-seal) | lab 9
what you call the hollow cavity opposite the clump of cells inside a blastula filled with fluid
44
Median | R/t dissection lab 13
Near or toward the middle
45
Alternative hypothesis | lab 10 arthropod bx
Aka ‘research’ hypothesis The hypothesis you’re trying to validate Given by Ha
46
3 main body parts of mollusca phyllum | lab 9
muscular foot visceral mass (of organs) Mantle (covers the viscera)
47
invaginate | lab 9
what you call it (in early embryogenesis) when a blastula folds into itself and forms a gastrula
48
4 things about mollusca phylum | Lab 9
Includes bivalve oysters, snails, octopi, squid Muscular foot Visceral mass coelom Mantle
49
4 things about chordata phylum | Lab 9
Notochord Dorsal nerve cord Gill slits Muscular post-anal tail
50
Transverse plane | R/t dissection lab 13
Relating to a plane separating anterior and posterior Perpendicular to the longitudinal axis
51
Larva (larvae pl) | lab 9
an immature form of an animal (usually an insect)
52
cuticle
exoskeleton
53
embryo | lab 9
an unborn/unhatched offspring that is in the process development
54
Degrees of freedom | lab 10 arthropod bx
Statistics jargon = number of test conditions - 1 (see p.193) You use it to relate your chi squared values to p-values when the two are related together on a table
55
``` Ecdysozoa character (lab 9) ```
describes animals that molt (loose their exoskeleton) must shed to grow
56
blastopore | lab 9
what you call the dent that forms during gastrulation (in early embryology) that will eventually become a mouth or an anus
57
Gastrula | lab 9
what you call a blastula (in early embryogenesis) that has completed gastrulation
58
``` bilateria character (lab 9) ```
describes when animals have bilateral symmetry AS LARVAE
59
Caudal | R/t dissection lab 13
Near or towards the tail end
60
body plan | lab 9
a group of structural and developmental characteristics that can be used to identify a group of animals, such as a phylum.
61
Arthropod | lab 10 arthropod bx
Types of Invertebrates (creatures w/o back bones) (Invertebrates are types of animals) Exp. insects, spiders, crustaceans
62
Posterior | R/t dissection lab 13
Near or towards the hind end
63
what y and logS represents | Island Biogeography Lab
log of the # of spices in a given area
64
3 types of triploblastic body plans | lab 9
1. acoelomate 2. psyedocoelomate 3. coelmate
65
2 characteristics of deuterostomes cells | lab 9
1. they ARE stacked directly on top of one another | 2. they are INdeterminant (if you remove any, the embryo will develop like nothing happened)
66
True tissue | lab 9
Is a tissue that came from cells that divided from a single, original cell
67
Ventral | R/t dissection lab 13
Near or toward the belly
68
deuterostomes | lab 9
monophyletic superphylum of animals whose blastopore develops into an asshole only includes echinodermatata and chordata
69
coelomate | lab 9
1 of 3 types of triploblastic body plans | coelom completely enclosed by the mesoderm as in endoderm, then mesoderm, then coelom, then ectoderm
70
protostomes | lab 9
animals whose embryonic cells divide spirally and whose blastopore develops into a mouth
71
requirements for null model for Hardy Winberg Equilibrium | lab 1 evo and pop genetics
no genetic drift no gene flow no mutation no selection (of any kind alt. model is that evolutions IS occurring, as a result of one or more of the above mechanisms
72
differentiation | lab 9
the process (in early embryogenesis) where the cells that have been dividing (but not growing) from the original cell start to take on different form to be come different structures. cells become distinguishable as they start turning into what they'll become later
73
``` planktonic character (lab 9) ```
describes a microscopic animal that floats or drifts
74
embryogenesis | lab 9
the formation/development of an embryo
75
Gastrulation | lab 9
the process (in early embryogenesis) when a dent forms as the blastula starts to cave in on itself, changing from a blastula into a gastrula.
76
cleavage | lab 9
the process (in early embryogenesis) where a single (fertilized) cell divides without growing
77
``` protonephridia structure(s) (lab 9) ```
tube like a shit hole for osmoregulation (platy flatworm)
78
what x and logA represents | Island Biogeography Lab
the log of the area in the formula for # of spices
79
number of germ layers that triploblastic animals have | lab 9
3
80
Distal | R/t dissection lab 13
Far from a point of reference
81
Anterior | R/t dissection lab 13
Near/towards the head end
82
number of germ layers that diploblastic animals have | lab 9
2
83
metamerism
serial repetition of segments ; organs repeated in each segment except for digestive tract
84
4 things about cnidaria (nye-DARE-eeyah) phylum | Lab 9
Jellies, anemones, corals, hydras 2 germ layers (diploblast) Protostomes (mouth first) Stinging cnidocyte cells/barbs
85
symbol for Chi squared | lab 10 arthropod bx
Greek letter X^2
86
psuedocoelomate | lab 9
1 of 3 types of triploblastic body plans ‘Incomplete coelom’; exists between the mesoderm and endoderm coelom enclosed between mesoderm and some other layer of something else (as in endoderm, then psudocoelom, then mesoderm,then ectoderm)
87
what m and z represents | Island Biogeography Lab
the slope in the linear formula for # of spices
88
Isopod | lab 10 arthropod bx
Type of crustacean | Crustaceans are types of arthropods, and arthropods are types of invertebrates, and invertebrates are types of animals
89
4 things about arthropoda phylum | Lab 9
Segmented bodies (whih
90
Lateral | R/t dissection lab 13
Near or toward the middle
91
radial cleavage | lab 9
special kind of cell division (in early embryogenesis) that deuterostomes do
92
acoelomate | lab 9
1 of 3 types of triploblastic body plans has all 3 germ layers but does not have a coelom
93
Rate of change in direction | lab 10 arthropod bx
Measurement of change in an activity rate 2o to stimlus Exp. change in speed
94
tagmata
arthropod body segments
95
4 things about porifera (pro-riff-erah) phylum | Lab 9
Sponges No germ layers No tissues or organs UNDIFFERENTIATED cells
96
Pharyngeal (gill) slits | Lab 9
1 of 4 characteristics of chordates Slits that develop into filters or gills or (in terrestrial chordates) structures around the jaw, ears, and neck
97
Null hypothesis is rejected if... | lab 10 arthropod bx
Your data turns out to NOT be random Determined by using a table to relate your chi squared value to your degree of freedom value, with respect to your experiment’s established p value and the table’s listed statistical significance threshold
98
Frontal plane | R/t dissection lab 13
Related to a plane separating dorsal from ventral
99
Categories for comparative anatomy matrix | lab 9
``` Symmetry Blastopore fate Coelom germ layers Type of skeleton true tissue molting segmented body ```
100
Taxis???!!! | lab 10 arthropod bx
Movement in response to a stimulus
101
``` notochord structure (Lab 9) ```
1 of 4 characteristics of chordates Cartilage tube running between the digestive tube and the nerve cord; skeleton usually develops around this so muscles can attach

Biology 1114 (24 decks)

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