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biology (paper one) > plant disease (topic 3) > Flashcards

plant disease (topic 3) Flashcards

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1
Q

explain how the nettle is adapted for defence and protection (3)

A
  • stinging hairs / can sting
  • (so) this harms herbivores / stops animals eating them
  • (so) less of the plant is removed / damaged
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2
Q
A

antibiotics were not tested

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

solution A contained the highest concentration of nitrate ions, one student said, ‘the results show that nitrate ions are needed for the growth of duckweed’ what evidence in table 2 supports what the student said

A
  • A gave highest number of leaves or gave most growth
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5
Q
A
  • mass
  • includes roots or whole plant
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6
Q

suggest two ways the farmer could have used to identify the pathogen infecting the barley crops (2)

A
  • compare them to pictures in a gardening manual/website
  • send a sample to a laboratory for testing
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7
Q

describe how fungal infections can spread and how they enter plant leaves (2)

A
  • the fungus/spores spread by wind
  • the fungus enters leaves through the stomata
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8
Q

the farmer wants to prevent their crops from getting powdery mildew (fungus) explain how burning plants after the barley has been harvested can protect the crops (1)

A

it kills the spores/fungus

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9
Q

all tools should be washed in disinfectant after using them on plants infected with TMV, explain why (1)

A
  • to kill virus on tools
  • to prevent virus spreading
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10
Q

TMV can cause plants to produce less chlorophyll, leading to leaf discoloration, explain why plants with TMV have stunted growth (4)

A
  • less photosynthesis because of lack of chlorophyll
  • so less glucose made
  • and less energy released for growth
  • as glucose is needed for respiration
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11
Q

describe the appearance of plants with:
- nitrate deficiency
- magnesium deficiency

A
  • nitrate causes stunted growth
  • magnesium causes yellowing of the leaves
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12
Q

a rose bush has a disease called rose black spot, give one way to prevent the spread of rose black spot to a different plant in the same area (1)

A
  • move the diseased rose bush to a different area
  • remove the spotty leaves and burn them
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13
Q

the infected rose bush has yellow leaves and stunted growth, explain why the rose bush is not growing (4)

A
  • the infected rose bush has less chlorophyll
  • less chlorophyll means less photosynthesis
  • so less glucose/sugar
  • so less proteins / lipids (or cellulose needed for growth)
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14
Q

one reason for yellow leaves and stunted growth is rose black spot, give and explain two other possible reasons for yellow leaves and stunted growth in plants, do not refer to rose black spot in your answer (6)

A

magnesium Ions (max 3 marks):
- lack of magnesium (ions)
- so not enough chlorophyll for photosynthesis
- not enough glucose to make proteins for growth
nitrate Ions (max 3 marks):
- lack of nitrate (ions)
- so amino acids/proteins cannot be made
- proteins are needed for growth
light (max 3 marks):
- lack of (available) light
- (so) chlorophyll breaks down
- not enough glucose to make proteins for growth (or not enough glucose to release energy for growth)

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15
Q

what type of defence response are thorns (1)

A

mechanical/physical defence

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16
Q

how do the thorns defend the blackberry plant (1)

A
  • to deter/stop herbivores eating it
  • to prevent animals damaging it
17
Q

what type of defence response is poison (1)

A

chemical

18
Q

how will the poisonous berries help the honeysuckle plant to survive (1)

A

deter animals from eating it

19
Q

suggest how the production of oil on the surface of a leaf may protect the plant (1)

A
  • insects slide off the leaf
  • the oil is harmful to aphids
  • the oil has antiseptic properties
20
Q

the production of tomatoes can be affected by an insect pest called the tomato leaf miner, the adult female leaf miner lays eggs on tomato leaves that develop into maggots, which feed on leaf mesophyll tissue inside the leaf, explain how the tomato leaf miner affects tomato production (4)

A
  • lower production (fewer fruit)
  • fewer chloroplasts
  • less photosynthesis
  • less glucose
21
Q

a tomato grower suspects his tomatoes have been infected by tomato leaf miner, what can the grower do to ensure he has correctly identified the pest (1)

A
  • compare them to pictures in a gardening manual/website
  • send them to a laboratory for testing
22
Q

design an investigation to assess if a pheromone trap would help to control the leaf miner (4)

A
  • one group with pheromone in the traps and another group without pheromone in the traps
  • several traps
  • count the number of insects trapped
  • during a set time period
  • control and pheromone traps would have the same temperature (or light etc)
23
Q

explain how different types of organism defend themselves against microorganisms (3)

A

animals (max 3 marks):
- skin releases sebum/oil to kill microbes OR a dead layer of skin is difficult to penetrate
- nose hairs keep out dust and microbes
- mucus in the nose, trachea and bronchi traps microbes
- cilia in the trachea and bronchi sweeps mucus and microbes out of the respiratory tract
- hydrochloric acid in the stomach kills bacteria
- white blood cells produce antibodies / antitoxins (or white blood cells engulf microbes)
plants (max 3 marks):
- cell wall is tough (or waxy cuticle is tough)
- dead cells/bark falls off taking pathogens with them
- production of antibacterial chemicals kills bacteria
fungi:
- antibiotic production to kill bacteria

24
Q

which part of the cabbage plant takes in mineral ions (1)

A

root

25
Q

the farmer provides his cabbages with a nutrient solution containing nitrate ions and magnesium ions, describe the functions of these ions in plants and their deficiency symptoms (4)

A
  • nitrates are used to produce amino acids/proteins/enzymes
  • nitrate deficiency leads to stunted growth
  • magnesium is used to produce chlorophyll
  • magnesium deficiency leads to yellow leaves
26
Q

the gardener decided to measure the growth by counting the number of leaves, suggest a better method of measuring the growth of the plants (2)
_
give two reasons why your method is better than the gardeners method (2)

A
  • measuring mass
  • measurre length of plant
  • includes the whole plant
  • plants vary in size
27
Q
A
  • advantage: more minerals
  • disadvantage: it costs £5 per kg
28
Q
A

no nitrate fertiliser in one of the tubes

29
Q

explain why there are differences in the change in the lengths of the seedlings (2)

A
  • more growth seen with the highest concentration of nitrates (or the higher the concentration of nitrates the more growth)
  • nitrates are needed to make proteins
30
Q

explain how nitrate ions were absorbed by the seedlings (3)

A
  • nitrate ions are absorbed by the roots
  • nitrate ions can be absorbed by diffusion
  • diffusion happens from a high concentration to a low concentration

biology (paper one) (15 decks)

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