Plant Cells 2.0. Flashcards
Examples are Mosses, liverworts
Nonvascular
More dependent on ample water
Nonvascular
Lack roots, leaves or stems
Nonvascular
Nonvascular have this instead of roots
Rhizoids
More than 90% of all modern plants
Vascular
They have roots for water absorption and
support
Vascular
Leaves have chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Nonvascular
Nonvascular leaves are covered with
Cuticle
Nonvascular leaves provide this with gaseous exchange
Pores
Plant Diversification
Lignin
Bud Scales
Seeds
Cells walls of new plants are harder. Caused woody plants to grow much taller than
other plants
Lignin
Protect them from winter’s cold
Bud scales
A protective structure that contains a plant
embryo and stored food
Seeds
Include all the nonvascular plants
1. Mosses
2. Liverworts
3. hornworts
Bryophyta
classified into seedless plants and
seed plants
Vascular plants
Seed Plants
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Producing seeds that lack a protective fruit like bamboo
Gymnosperms
Producing seeds enclosed and protected by a
fruit. Flowering plants
Angiosperms
Only one cotyledon
like Lilies, orchids, corn
Monocot
Have two cotyledons
Roses, beans, clovers
Dicot
To absorb water and minerals
Roots
Vascular tissue, the cortex, surround the
vascular cylinder. Grow deep into the soil
Dicot roots
The vascular tissue forms a ring that surrounds
a central region of cells called pith
Monocot Roots
Separated the cortex from the vascular cylinder
Endodermis
The cells of the endodermis are coated with
waxy layer
Casparian Strip
Root Types
Primary roots
Taproot
Fibrous root
First root to emerge from seed
Primary roots
Primary root enlarges. Can grow to collect water from the deeper part
of the soil
Taproot
Numerous and are extensively branched. Collect water from a wide area and are excellent
for preventing soil erosion
Fibrous roots
Hold leaves up to sunlight and transport water
and food between roots and leaves
Stem
Vascular tissue in stems is arranged in
Vascular bundles
Vascular tissue in roots
Central cylinder
Have vascular bundles that form a ring that
divides the ground tissue into cortex and pith
Dicot stems
Have bundles that are scattered throughout the
grand tissue
Monocot stems
Where leaves are attached at the specific
location in the stem
Nodes
Trap sunlight for photosynthesis. Store food, protect some plants from animals
.
Leaves
Structure of leaves
Simple Leaves
Compound Leaves
The three tissue types
Leaf epidermis
Stomata
Guard Cells
Mesophyll
Veins
Consist of a board flat blade and stemlike
petiole
Structure
Have one undivided blade per petiole
Simple Leaves
Have more than one blade (leaflets) per petiole
Compound Leaves
The three tissue types
Dermal
Ground
Vascular tissues
Have waxy cuticle and stomata
Leaf epidermis
Pores in the epidermis that allows gaseous
exchange
Stomata
Surround the stomata and regulate the entrance
and exit of materials depending on
environmental conditions and needs of the plant
Guard cells
A region between the two layers of the
epidermis
Mesophyll
Vascular bundles in leaves
Veins
Leaf Type
Monocot leaves
Dicot leaves
Veins that run parallel to each other
Monocot leaves
Can either be pinnate or palmate
Dicot Leaves
Feather, with smaller veins
branching off a main central
vein called midrib
Pinnate leaves
Lobed and resemble the fingers
and palm of the hand
Palmate leaves
Reproductive structure. All blank contain a plant embryo and stored food in a
protective seed coat
Seed
Are inactive while they wait for optimal growing
conditions
Dormant seed
There are about how many species of gymnosperms
700
A structure consisting of an egg inside
protective cells, that develops into a seed
Ovule
The transfer of pollen from the male to the
female part of a plant
Pollination
Reproductive structure of an angiosperm
Flower
Attract pollinators and protects the developing
flower
Sterile parts
Leaflike appendages on a flower and are usually
colorful
Petals
Protective leaves at the base of a flower which
are often green
Sepals
Egg-producing part of a flower called
Pistil
The structure on which pollen lands and
germinates
Stigma
Connects the stigma and ovary
Stigma
Contains ovules and develops into a fruit
Ovary
Sterile parts of flowers
Petals and sepals
Female of flowers
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Male of flowers
Anther
Filament
pollen-producing part of a flower called
stamen
Produces the pollen, which contains sperm cells
Anther
Holds up the anther
Filament
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN
PLANTS
Vegetative reproduction
Artificial propagation
Grafting
Tissue culturing
Asexual reproduction that occurs naturally in
plants
Vegetative reproduction
When humans use a sexual methods to grow
plants
Artificial propagation
A way to make two different plants grow as one
by fusing their cut ends
Grafting
Involves growing an entire plant from individual
cells or from small pieces of leaf, stem or root
Tissue cutting
🍃 PLANT HORMONES🍃
Auxins
Gibberellins
Cytokinins
Ethylene and Abscisic Acid
Organize compounds that are produced and
released by one part of an organism to affect
another part of the organism
Hormones
First identified plant hormone
Auxins
Cause cells to grow larger
Gibberellins
Cause cells to divide and stimulate seeds to
germinate and grow
Cytokinins
Enable plants to survive changing season
Ethylene and Abscisic Acid
PLANT MOVEMENT AND
RESPONSE
Tropism
Phototropism
Gravitropism
Thigmotropism
Growth of plant in a certain direction in
response to a stimulus
Tropism
Response of plants to a light source
Phototropism
The growth in response to gravity
Gravitropism
Response of plants to touch causes to grow on
a surface that can support them
Thigmotrophism
