Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Excretory And Nervous System > Flashcards

Excretory And Nervous System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Regulations of body fluid requires a _________, cardiovascular responses and renal responses in order to process the concentrated particles and volumes of body fluid at a point where our body can manage

A

FLUID REGULATION
neural and endocrine control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Our body requires a particular volume of fluid in order to function. Most of the fluids are taken into the body by _________ and are excreted by the _________ to make sure the body is not dehydrated or or overhydrated

A

FLUID REGULATION
drinking and eating
kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Drinking enough water helps our body to:

A

FLUID INTAKE
regulate temperature
prevent infections
reduce acne
deliver nutrients to cells
keep organs functioning
improves your skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Our body weight consists of water between _______ and decreases overtime.

A

50% to 60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Healthy kidneys are extremely good at regulating the amount of fluid in the body. If a person drinks an extra ______ in a day, the kidneys will excrete an extra ________

A

1.5 litres of fluid
1.5 litres of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Studies have shown that the adequate daily fluid intake ranges from _______ for men and _______ for women

A

(3.7 litres)
(2.7 litres)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

filters fluid. from our body and excrete It as “urine”.

A

Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

controls constricts the veins and simulates the non adrenaline and adrenaline into our blood

A

Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cortisol is excreted from the adrenal cortex. This stress ______ has profound effects on metabolism, but it also promotes fluid retention by increasing the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fluid Regulators

A

Kidney
Nervous System
Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is concerned with removing nitrogen-containing wastes in the body.

A

excretory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The main excretory organ is _____ It processes the wastes such as urea, medications, and toxin, into a liquid called urine.

A

kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_______ are pair of bean-shaped organs that removes wastes from the blood.

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Each kidney consists of two regions:

A

the outer cortex and the inner medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Each kidney contains approximately one million functional units called _______

A

nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A nephron is consists of a clump of capillaries, the ______ , and a tube which forms a cup-shaped capsule, the _______ around the glomerulus.

A

glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The part of nephtron in which urine forms is the

A

renal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A large volume of the blood pass through the kidneys each day. About one to two liters of liquid are formed as ______

A

urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The process of urine formation involves:

A

filtration, reabsorption, secretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

is the passing of liquid or grass through a filter to remove impurities

A

Filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The fluid that enters the renal tubules is called the :

A

filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The process in which a liquid is taken back into vessel is called

A

reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The fluid that remains in reabsorption, called _____ is mainly wastes.

A

urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is the release of some substances from the blood.

A

Secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

_____ consists mostly of water, urea uric acid, salts, and substances derived from medications.

A

Urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The collecting tubule in each kidney enters a larger tube, the ______

A

ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Carries to the _______ for temporary stoarage.

A

urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Urine passes through the ________ on its way out of the body

A

urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Increased urination can be induced by taking a ________, a chemical substance that prevents water from being reabsorbed.

A

diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Examples of deuretic

A

Caffeine in coffee
Cola
Tea
Edema
Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

enables the body to gather information and respond quickly

A

NERVOUS

32
Q

produces slower, longer-lasting responses.

A

ENDOCRINE

33
Q

which consists of the brain and the spinal cord, is the main control conter of the body. It processes information and sends instructions to other parts of the body

A

CENTRAL

34
Q

which is made up of nerves that extend throughout the body gathers and delivers information to and from the central nervous system

A

PERIPHERAL

35
Q

Nervous System Parts

A

Central
Peripheral

36
Q

basic functional unit. consists of a cell body and two types of fiber like structures

A

NEURONS

37
Q

branched structures attached to the cell body are called _______ which receive and carry information toward the cell body

A

dendrites

38
Q

long structure that extends from the cell body is called an _______ which carries nerve impulses away from the cell body

A

axon

39
Q

The axons and the dendrites of neurons are collectively called ______

A

nerve fibers

40
Q

Nerve fibers are bundled into structures called _______.

A

nerves

41
Q

Parts of Neurons

A

SENSORY NEURONS
MOTOR NEURONS
INTERNEURONS

42
Q
  • neuroglia
  • special connective tissue cells
  • they protect, mechanically support, and assist the neurons.
  • Ninety percent of the cells the nervous system are which include Schwann cells and astrocytes.
A

GLIAL CELLS

43
Q

______are most numerous in the PNS

______are most numerous in the CNS.

A

Schwann cells
Astrocytes

44
Q

Schwann cells have membranes that contain a fatty substance called ______, that fibers is called ______

A

myelin
myelin sheath

45
Q

________ hold the interneurons together and connect them to capillaries. _______ are believed to supply neurons with oxygen and nutrients from the blood vessels, and may have a role in forming. memories.

A

Astrocytes

46
Q

A wave of chemical and eletrical change that is conducted along the membrane of a neuron

A

NERVE IMPULSE

47
Q

The electrical charge a cross the cell membrane of a neuron of a resting state is called

A

THE RESTING POTENTIAL

48
Q

The reversal and restoration of charges across the cell membrane of a neuron is called

A

THE ACTION POTENTIAL, also known as a nerver impluse

49
Q

Automatic response to a change in the environment

A

Reflex

50
Q

The neurons in a pathway called a ______ carry the nerve impulses for an automatic response

A

reflex arc

51
Q

REFLEX ARC WHICH CONSISTS OF 5 PARTS:

A

Receptors
Sensory neurons
Interneurons
Motor neurons
Muscle

52
Q

that carries a nerve impluse to the spinal cord

A

Sensory neuron

53
Q

that sends a nerve impulse to a motor neuron

A

Interneuron

54
Q

that carries a nerve impulse to a muscle

A

Motor neuron

55
Q

that contracts.

A

Muscle

56
Q

Command center for the entire body

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

57
Q

Central nervous System is Consist of

A

spinal cord and brain.

58
Q

Consist of cranial nerves from the brain and spinal nerves from the spinal cord

A

Peripheral Nervous System

59
Q

It is a tube like organ that links the brain with the spinal nerves.

A

Spinal cord

60
Q

It is a tube like organ that links the brain with the spinal nerves.

A

Spinal cord

61
Q

Contains approximately 100 billion neurons and 900 billion neuroglia.
Protected by bone, meninges, and cushion of fluid

A

Brain

62
Q

Connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain.Its role is to take care of the function of the organs of your body

A

Brain Stem

63
Q

Second largest part of the brain. It coordinates muscle activities and enables the body to make smooth, steady and efficient movement.

A

Cerebellum

64
Q

The largest region, forming about 85% of the human brain

A

Cerebrum

65
Q

serves as a relay station by directing incoming messages from the spinal cord to tthe appropriate parts of brain.

A

Thalamus

66
Q

linked to the endocrine system, monitors internal conditions, such as water content and temperature.

A

Hypothalamus

67
Q

Connects the central nervous system to glands, the smooth muscles of the visceral organs, and the cardiac muscles. Involuntary

A

Autonomic Nervous System

68
Q

Consists of motor neurons that connect the CNS to the striated or voluntary muscles.

A

Somatic Nervous System

69
Q

The body’s master control unit

A

Central NS

70
Q

A column of nerves between the brain and peripheral nervous system

A

Spinal Cord

71
Q

Connects the brain to the spinal cord

A

Brain stem

72
Q

Divided into three major parts;

• the hindbrain (lower part)

• the midbrain

• the forebrain

A

Brain

73
Q

(The body’s link to the outside world)

A

Peripheral NS

74
Q

Regulates involuntary bodily processes, including heart rate, respiration, digestion and pupil contraction; operates automatically without conscious direction

A

The Autonomic NS

75
Q

Carries sensory information from sensory organs to the CNS and relays motor (movement) commands to muscles, controls voluntary movements

A

The Somatic NS

76
Q

Prepares the body for action and stress. This is called “fight or flight

A

Sympathetic NS

77
Q

calms the body and helps the body to conserve energy

A

Parasympathetic NS

Biology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions