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2024 SEM 2 COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH (LAB) > planning > Flashcards

planning Flashcards

1
Q

enumerate the
3 steps
3 activities
2 process
3 phases
in health planning

A

3 steps:
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation

3 activities:
Assessment of current health state
Identification of desired state in the future
Specification of intervention and other activities that are needed to achieve your desired state in the future

2 process:
strategic planning
health program planning

3 phases:
preparatory phase
planning phase
output

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2
Q

what are the
3 steps in preparatory phase
2 steps in planning phase

A

preparatory phase
- health program analysis
- analysis of the obstacle
- feasibility studies

planning phase
- plan program and activities
- plan for project (for the whole)

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3
Q

according to WHO,
the orderly process of defining community health problems, identifying _____, surveying the _____ to meet them, establishing _____ that are _____ and _____, and projecting _____ to accomplish the purpose of the proposed program

A

unmet needs
resources to meet them
priority goals
realistic and feasible
administrative action

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4
Q

why is planning important

A

to not waste resources
allocation of budget
address demands of health services

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5
Q

health needs is the deficiencies in health that call for ____, ____, ____, ____

A

preventive, curative, control and eradication measures

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6
Q

what are the purposes of planning

A

match the limited resources with many problem
eliminate wasteful expenditures and avoid duplication
develop the best resources of action to accomplish a defined objective (the best shld be implemented)

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7
Q

briefly explain the important elements of planning

A

OBJECTIVES
measure the amt of progress toward the goal

TARGET
objectives are split into discrete activity
track progress of each objectives

GOAL
cannot be constrained by time and resources (long-term)
it is the ultimate desired state towards which the objectives and resources are directed
shld be attainable/ possible

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8
Q

planning

A
  1. analysis of health situation
  2. establishment of objectives and goals
  3. assessment of resources
    fixing priorities (address main problems)
  4. write up formulate plan
    - complete
    - specified the input required for the health program and the output expected
    - cost and time shld be indicated at every stage
  5. programming and implementation
  6. evaluation
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9
Q

what are the 6 resources of planning

A

material
money
manpower
knowledge
skills
technique

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10
Q

what are the organizational planning process

A

preparatory phase
planning phase
output (consolidate health program plan)

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11
Q

what is the goal of health program planning

A

to have a single output which is the consolidated health program plan

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12
Q

who does the preparatory phase of planning for programs and services involves

A

Municipal Health Office - Mayor
Regional Health Units

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13
Q

briefly explain the preparatory phase of planning for programs and services

A

performance review and problems identification for each health programs
- involves assessing the accomplishment of each program
- focus on the accomplishment of service targets and difficulties encounters in the delivery

analysis of the problem
tips:
- ensure accurate identification of problem
- quantify magnitude of the probs
- differentiate btwn external manifestation of the problem and real nature and scope of the problem
- never settle for incomplete description
- determine how it has adversely affected the org

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14
Q

briefly explain the methods of performance review and problem identification

A

determine the percentage accomplishment of each services delivery target

if percentage accomplishment is
above 110% - overaccomplishment. hence identify factor and determine if it can be considered as best practiced
below 90% - identify problem then it has to be analyzed as to the nature and scope of each problem

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15
Q

briefly explain the methods of health program analysis

A

qualitative method
analyze the views and experiences of ppl who r directly affected by the problem
this is done by focus grp discussion or interviews
= identify direct cause of the problem and the underlying reasons

quantitative method
creates problem tree - shows the cause of the probs and underlying cause
uses measurable data that provides evidence abt nature and extent of each cause’s contri to the problem
formulate an alternative solution

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16
Q

situational analysis is aka as

A

community assessment

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17
Q

it is the investigation of the current state of the community

A

situational analysis

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18
Q

briefly explain situational analysis

A

process of identifying important health- related probs
helps properly understand the situation before formulating health projects, strategies and activities to address the problem

aside from review of records, consult the concerned health officials through
- community assemblies and regular grp discussion
- dialogues w key leaders (courtesy call) to seek their support

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19
Q

it is an introduction of demographics of the specific assigned community

A

community assessment

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20
Q

community assessment is a summary of relevant _____, _____, _____ and _____

A

economic
socio-cultural
political
environmental data

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21
Q

briefly explain community assessment

A

detailed analysis of health resources present (infrastructure)
- health facilities, equipment and infra is available, gd working condition and sufficient to meet the heeds.

detailed description of health condition of the community
- get info abt their current health status (birth, death, life expectancy rates,)

review of the mandate and purpose of the local gov
- roles and responsibilities of the local gov to check if their purpose is aligned w addressing the identified health needs of the community. it helps understand if the local authorities have the proper mission and means to effectively tackle the health probs

in summary, it helps identify the HEALTH RESOURCES available, the HEALTH CONDITIONS of ppl and whether the local authorities (LOCAL GOVERNMENT ROLE) are equipped to tackle the health problems in the community

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22
Q

define problem analysis

A

it is the identification of health related issues and concerns logically follows situation analysis of the community

in simple terms:
to understand the problem (cause and effect) and develop solutions to address the probs

23
Q

is a visual tool used to identify the root causes of a problem and its effects. It helps in understanding the relationships between different aspects of a problem

A

problem tree

24
Q

briefly explain the problem list

A

it is a list of statement that describes gaps/ weakness related to the main problem

problem list includes:
Health service delivery
Health information system
Human resources for health
Health financing
Policy, standards, and regulations
Governance for health

25
Q

problem analysis is construct of

A

problem tree
objective tree
alternative tree

26
Q

where does the identified problems are appraised in

A

decision matrix

appraised in = carefully evaluate/ assess

27
Q

briefly explain decision matrix

A

identifying the problems and possible solutions, evaluate and prioritize these alternatives

compare and prioritize the different alternative solutions by scoring them

the alternative with the highest total weighted score is considered the best preferred option based on the criteria used

the highest score wld merit the no. ranked problem which will then be designated as the priority problem

=helps in decision-making

28
Q

give examples of criteria in decision matrix

A

magnitude of the problem
importance of the solution
feasibility of solution
budget

(Feasibility refers to whether something is possible, practical, and achievable given the existing circumstances, resources, and constraints.)

29
Q

it is a methodology to systematically identify the possible contributory factors that lead to the formation of health problem

A

problem tree

30
Q

how do you start the problem tree

A

by stating the MAIN problem

31
Q

it is the cause and effect network

A

problem tree

32
Q

how to create a problem tree

A
  1. start with stating the MAIN problem
  2. if problem includes several conditions, identify and include them
  3. identify direct factors, the underlying factors and root factors for each conditions associated with the main problem
  4. core problem (highest ranked) which has emerged form the decision matrix is analyzes as its root causes and effects
  5. provide evidence-based estimate on the nature and extent of each cause of the problem
33
Q

it is the general objectives

A

objective tree

34
Q

the objective tree includes

A

specific objectives
sub-objectivities
pri and sec benefits

35
Q

it is based on the objective tree, identification of alternatives to solve the core problem and the choice of best option

A

alternative tree

36
Q

briefly explain the difference between the problem tree, objective tree and alternative tree in simple terms

A

The problem tree identifies the problem, its causes, and effects.

The objective tree outlines the desired solutions or objectives to address the problem.

The alternative tree explores different strategies or options to achieve those objectives.

37
Q

what are the purpose of developing a plan in project planning proper

A

formalize commitment to achieve vision of a program
guide implementation of the program
seek formal approval from executive management and budgetary support

38
Q

define obstacle matrix

A

it is the analysis of obstacle in health service implementation

39
Q

obstacle matrix involves the ____ and ____ that are specifically management problems

A

identification of barriers
constraints

40
Q

define and briefly explain constraints

A

factors that adversely affect the effectiveness and efficiency

  1. the plan for developing management projects is based on the assumption that program took place address obstacles identified through obstacle matrix
  2. improve existing program that is facing obstacles tht prevent from being implemented efficiently and effectively = overcome obstacle and strengthen program’s implementation

3.soultion chosen to address these obstacles were carefully selected. if successful implemented = improve program

41
Q

name some type of obstacle constraints

A

staff
technology
organization/ management
procedures
policy
population
facility

42
Q

the outline of a project plan

A

project title
introduction to the project
general objectives of the program
specific objectives of the program
project components
project milestones
project activities
project flowchart
project activity-resource matrix
project monitoring worksheet
project budgeting worksheet

43
Q

project plan: project title

A

descriptive
indicate the nature of scope of the project

44
Q

project plan: introduction to the project

A

BACKGROUD
briefly tackle the problem the grp has decided to address

RATIONALE
summarize the results of the program and obstacle analysis

SIGNIFICANCE
include scenario containing the situations that will indicate that the problem has been solved

45
Q

project plan: general objectives of the project

A

resolution of the core

46
Q

project plan: specific objectives of the project

A

upon the completion of selected solutions and are usually written in the format “at the end of the project, the following should have been…” followed by a list of end-of-project milestones

in simple terms:
the specific objectives are a list of desired outcomes that shld be achieved by the completion of project

[end-of-project milestones = specific accomplishment]

47
Q

project plan: project components

A

set of inter-related activities that contribute to the attainment of at least 1 specific objectives

48
Q

project plan: project milestones

A

intervening event within each project components that serves as a reference to the progress each component has achieves as it moves closer to its completion

49
Q

project plan: project activities

A

actions that are critical in reaching project milestone

50
Q

project plan: project flowchart

A

diagram that depicts the flow of activities when implemented from the start to the end of the project

51
Q

project plan: project activity-resources matrix

A

a table depicting all the critical resource requirements to implement

52
Q

project plan: project-monitoring worksheet

A

allocatee time, human resources, and budget requirement for each activity

this includes the
- project activities
- date
- no of attendees
- facilitated by

53
Q

project plan: project budgeting worksheet

A

list of pre-determined budget expenditure and project budgeting worksheet that contains an assessment on the no. of resources needed to implement in each activity

this includes the
- project activity
- materials
- quantity
- cost
- total

54
Q

project plan: programming and implementation

A

effectiveness depends on existence of effective organisms
main consideration at implementation stage
- defining role and task
- selection, training, motivation and supervision

2024 SEM 2 COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH (LAB) (10 decks)

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