planning Flashcards
enumerate the
3 steps
3 activities
2 process
3 phases
in health planning
3 steps:
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
3 activities:
Assessment of current health state
Identification of desired state in the future
Specification of intervention and other activities that are needed to achieve your desired state in the future
2 process:
strategic planning
health program planning
3 phases:
preparatory phase
planning phase
output
what are the
3 steps in preparatory phase
2 steps in planning phase
preparatory phase
- health program analysis
- analysis of the obstacle
- feasibility studies
planning phase
- plan program and activities
- plan for project (for the whole)
according to WHO,
the orderly process of defining community health problems, identifying _____, surveying the _____ to meet them, establishing _____ that are _____ and _____, and projecting _____ to accomplish the purpose of the proposed program
unmet needs
resources to meet them
priority goals
realistic and feasible
administrative action
why is planning important
to not waste resources
allocation of budget
address demands of health services
health needs is the deficiencies in health that call for ____, ____, ____, ____
preventive, curative, control and eradication measures
what are the purposes of planning
match the limited resources with many problem
eliminate wasteful expenditures and avoid duplication
develop the best resources of action to accomplish a defined objective (the best shld be implemented)
briefly explain the important elements of planning
OBJECTIVES
measure the amt of progress toward the goal
TARGET
objectives are split into discrete activity
track progress of each objectives
GOAL
cannot be constrained by time and resources (long-term)
it is the ultimate desired state towards which the objectives and resources are directed
shld be attainable/ possible
planning
- analysis of health situation
- establishment of objectives and goals
- assessment of resources
fixing priorities (address main problems) - write up formulate plan
- complete
- specified the input required for the health program and the output expected
- cost and time shld be indicated at every stage - programming and implementation
- evaluation
what are the 6 resources of planning
material
money
manpower
knowledge
skills
technique
what are the organizational planning process
preparatory phase
planning phase
output (consolidate health program plan)
what is the goal of health program planning
to have a single output which is the consolidated health program plan
who does the preparatory phase of planning for programs and services involves
Municipal Health Office - Mayor
Regional Health Units
briefly explain the preparatory phase of planning for programs and services
performance review and problems identification for each health programs
- involves assessing the accomplishment of each program
- focus on the accomplishment of service targets and difficulties encounters in the delivery
analysis of the problem
tips:
- ensure accurate identification of problem
- quantify magnitude of the probs
- differentiate btwn external manifestation of the problem and real nature and scope of the problem
- never settle for incomplete description
- determine how it has adversely affected the org
briefly explain the methods of performance review and problem identification
determine the percentage accomplishment of each services delivery target
if percentage accomplishment is
above 110% - overaccomplishment. hence identify factor and determine if it can be considered as best practiced
below 90% - identify problem then it has to be analyzed as to the nature and scope of each problem
briefly explain the methods of health program analysis
qualitative method
analyze the views and experiences of ppl who r directly affected by the problem
this is done by focus grp discussion or interviews
= identify direct cause of the problem and the underlying reasons
quantitative method
creates problem tree - shows the cause of the probs and underlying cause
uses measurable data that provides evidence abt nature and extent of each cause’s contri to the problem
formulate an alternative solution
situational analysis is aka as
community assessment
it is the investigation of the current state of the community
situational analysis
briefly explain situational analysis
process of identifying important health- related probs
helps properly understand the situation before formulating health projects, strategies and activities to address the problem
aside from review of records, consult the concerned health officials through
- community assemblies and regular grp discussion
- dialogues w key leaders (courtesy call) to seek their support
it is an introduction of demographics of the specific assigned community
community assessment
community assessment is a summary of relevant _____, _____, _____ and _____
economic
socio-cultural
political
environmental data
briefly explain community assessment
detailed analysis of health resources present (infrastructure)
- health facilities, equipment and infra is available, gd working condition and sufficient to meet the heeds.
detailed description of health condition of the community
- get info abt their current health status (birth, death, life expectancy rates,)
review of the mandate and purpose of the local gov
- roles and responsibilities of the local gov to check if their purpose is aligned w addressing the identified health needs of the community. it helps understand if the local authorities have the proper mission and means to effectively tackle the health probs
in summary, it helps identify the HEALTH RESOURCES available, the HEALTH CONDITIONS of ppl and whether the local authorities (LOCAL GOVERNMENT ROLE) are equipped to tackle the health problems in the community
define problem analysis
it is the identification of health related issues and concerns logically follows situation analysis of the community
in simple terms:
to understand the problem (cause and effect) and develop solutions to address the probs
is a visual tool used to identify the root causes of a problem and its effects. It helps in understanding the relationships between different aspects of a problem
problem tree
briefly explain the problem list
it is a list of statement that describes gaps/ weakness related to the main problem
problem list includes:
Health service delivery
Health information system
Human resources for health
Health financing
Policy, standards, and regulations
Governance for health
problem analysis is construct of
problem tree
objective tree
alternative tree
where does the identified problems are appraised in
decision matrix
appraised in = carefully evaluate/ assess
briefly explain decision matrix
identifying the problems and possible solutions, evaluate and prioritize these alternatives
compare and prioritize the different alternative solutions by scoring them
the alternative with the highest total weighted score is considered the best preferred option based on the criteria used
the highest score wld merit the no. ranked problem which will then be designated as the priority problem
=helps in decision-making
give examples of criteria in decision matrix
magnitude of the problem
importance of the solution
feasibility of solution
budget
(Feasibility refers to whether something is possible, practical, and achievable given the existing circumstances, resources, and constraints.)
it is a methodology to systematically identify the possible contributory factors that lead to the formation of health problem
problem tree
how do you start the problem tree
by stating the MAIN problem
it is the cause and effect network
problem tree
how to create a problem tree
- start with stating the MAIN problem
- if problem includes several conditions, identify and include them
- identify direct factors, the underlying factors and root factors for each conditions associated with the main problem
- core problem (highest ranked) which has emerged form the decision matrix is analyzes as its root causes and effects
- provide evidence-based estimate on the nature and extent of each cause of the problem
it is the general objectives
objective tree
the objective tree includes
specific objectives
sub-objectivities
pri and sec benefits
it is based on the objective tree, identification of alternatives to solve the core problem and the choice of best option
alternative tree
briefly explain the difference between the problem tree, objective tree and alternative tree in simple terms
The problem tree identifies the problem, its causes, and effects.
The objective tree outlines the desired solutions or objectives to address the problem.
The alternative tree explores different strategies or options to achieve those objectives.
what are the purpose of developing a plan in project planning proper
formalize commitment to achieve vision of a program
guide implementation of the program
seek formal approval from executive management and budgetary support
define obstacle matrix
it is the analysis of obstacle in health service implementation
obstacle matrix involves the ____ and ____ that are specifically management problems
identification of barriers
constraints
define and briefly explain constraints
factors that adversely affect the effectiveness and efficiency
- the plan for developing management projects is based on the assumption that program took place address obstacles identified through obstacle matrix
- improve existing program that is facing obstacles tht prevent from being implemented efficiently and effectively = overcome obstacle and strengthen program’s implementation
3.soultion chosen to address these obstacles were carefully selected. if successful implemented = improve program
name some type of obstacle constraints
staff
technology
organization/ management
procedures
policy
population
facility
the outline of a project plan
project title
introduction to the project
general objectives of the program
specific objectives of the program
project components
project milestones
project activities
project flowchart
project activity-resource matrix
project monitoring worksheet
project budgeting worksheet
project plan: project title
descriptive
indicate the nature of scope of the project
project plan: introduction to the project
BACKGROUD
briefly tackle the problem the grp has decided to address
RATIONALE
summarize the results of the program and obstacle analysis
SIGNIFICANCE
include scenario containing the situations that will indicate that the problem has been solved
project plan: general objectives of the project
resolution of the core
project plan: specific objectives of the project
upon the completion of selected solutions and are usually written in the format “at the end of the project, the following should have been…” followed by a list of end-of-project milestones
in simple terms:
the specific objectives are a list of desired outcomes that shld be achieved by the completion of project
[end-of-project milestones = specific accomplishment]
project plan: project components
set of inter-related activities that contribute to the attainment of at least 1 specific objectives
project plan: project milestones
intervening event within each project components that serves as a reference to the progress each component has achieves as it moves closer to its completion
project plan: project activities
actions that are critical in reaching project milestone
project plan: project flowchart
diagram that depicts the flow of activities when implemented from the start to the end of the project
project plan: project activity-resources matrix
a table depicting all the critical resource requirements to implement
project plan: project-monitoring worksheet
allocatee time, human resources, and budget requirement for each activity
this includes the
- project activities
- date
- no of attendees
- facilitated by
project plan: project budgeting worksheet
list of pre-determined budget expenditure and project budgeting worksheet that contains an assessment on the no. of resources needed to implement in each activity
this includes the
- project activity
- materials
- quantity
- cost
- total
project plan: programming and implementation
effectiveness depends on existence of effective organisms
main consideration at implementation stage
- defining role and task
- selection, training, motivation and supervision
