planning

Question 1

enumerate the
3 steps
3 activities
2 process
3 phases
in health planning

Answer 1

3 steps:
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation

3 activities:
Assessment of current health state
Identification of desired state in the future
Specification of intervention and other activities that are needed to achieve your desired state in the future

2 process:
strategic planning
health program planning

3 phases:
preparatory phase
planning phase
output

Question 2

what are the
3 steps in preparatory phase
2 steps in planning phase

Answer 2

preparatory phase
- health program analysis
- analysis of the obstacle
- feasibility studies

planning phase
- plan program and activities
- plan for project (for the whole)

Question 3

according to WHO,
the orderly process of defining community health problems, identifying _____, surveying the _____ to meet them, establishing _____ that are _____ and _____, and projecting _____ to accomplish the purpose of the proposed program

Answer 3

unmet needs
resources to meet them
priority goals
realistic and feasible
administrative action

Question 4

why is planning important

Answer 4

to not waste resources
allocation of budget
address demands of health services

Question 5

health needs is the deficiencies in health that call for ____, ____, ____, ____

Answer 5

preventive, curative, control and eradication measures

Question 6

what are the purposes of planning

Answer 6

match the limited resources with many problem
eliminate wasteful expenditures and avoid duplication
develop the best resources of action to accomplish a defined objective (the best shld be implemented)

Question 7

briefly explain the important elements of planning

Answer 7

OBJECTIVES
measure the amt of progress toward the goal

TARGET
objectives are split into discrete activity
track progress of each objectives

GOAL
cannot be constrained by time and resources (long-term)
it is the ultimate desired state towards which the objectives and resources are directed
shld be attainable/ possible

Question 8

planning

Answer 8

1. analysis of health situation
2. establishment of objectives and goals
3. assessment of resources
   fixing priorities (address main problems)
4. write up formulate plan
   - complete
   - specified the input required for the health program and the output expected
   - cost and time shld be indicated at every stage
5. programming and implementation
6. evaluation

Question 9

what are the 6 resources of planning

Answer 9

material
money
manpower
knowledge
skills
technique

Question 10

what are the organizational planning process

Answer 10

preparatory phase
planning phase
output (consolidate health program plan)

Question 11

what is the goal of health program planning

Answer 11

to have a single output which is the consolidated health program plan

Question 12

who does the preparatory phase of planning for programs and services involves

Answer 12

Municipal Health Office - Mayor
Regional Health Units

Question 13

briefly explain the preparatory phase of planning for programs and services

Answer 13

performance review and problems identification for each health programs
- involves assessing the accomplishment of each program
- focus on the accomplishment of service targets and difficulties encounters in the delivery

analysis of the problem
tips:
- ensure accurate identification of problem
- quantify magnitude of the probs
- differentiate btwn external manifestation of the problem and real nature and scope of the problem
- never settle for incomplete description
- determine how it has adversely affected the org

Question 14

briefly explain the methods of performance review and problem identification

Answer 14

determine the percentage accomplishment of each services delivery target

if percentage accomplishment is
above 110% - overaccomplishment. hence identify factor and determine if it can be considered as best practiced
below 90% - identify problem then it has to be analyzed as to the nature and scope of each problem

Question 15

briefly explain the methods of health program analysis

Answer 15

qualitative method
analyze the views and experiences of ppl who r directly affected by the problem
this is done by focus grp discussion or interviews
= identify direct cause of the problem and the underlying reasons

quantitative method
creates problem tree - shows the cause of the probs and underlying cause
uses measurable data that provides evidence abt nature and extent of each cause’s contri to the problem
formulate an alternative solution

Question 16

situational analysis is aka as

Answer 16

community assessment

Question 17

it is the investigation of the current state of the community

Answer 17

situational analysis

Question 18

briefly explain situational analysis

Answer 18

process of identifying important health- related probs
helps properly understand the situation before formulating health projects, strategies and activities to address the problem

aside from review of records, consult the concerned health officials through
- community assemblies and regular grp discussion
- dialogues w key leaders (courtesy call) to seek their support

Question 19

it is an introduction of demographics of the specific assigned community

Answer 19

community assessment

Question 20

community assessment is a summary of relevant _____, _____, _____ and _____

Answer 20

economic
socio-cultural
political
environmental data

Question 21

briefly explain community assessment

Answer 21

detailed analysis of health resources present (infrastructure)
- health facilities, equipment and infra is available, gd working condition and sufficient to meet the heeds.

detailed description of health condition of the community
- get info abt their current health status (birth, death, life expectancy rates,)

review of the mandate and purpose of the local gov
- roles and responsibilities of the local gov to check if their purpose is aligned w addressing the identified health needs of the community. it helps understand if the local authorities have the proper mission and means to effectively tackle the health probs

in summary, it helps identify the HEALTH RESOURCES available, the HEALTH CONDITIONS of ppl and whether the local authorities (LOCAL GOVERNMENT ROLE) are equipped to tackle the health problems in the community

Question 22

define problem analysis

Answer 22

it is the identification of health related issues and concerns logically follows situation analysis of the community

in simple terms:
to understand the problem (cause and effect) and develop solutions to address the probs

Question 23

is a visual tool used to identify the root causes of a problem and its effects. It helps in understanding the relationships between different aspects of a problem

Answer 23

problem tree

Question 24

briefly explain the problem list

Answer 24

it is a list of statement that describes gaps/ weakness related to the main problem

problem list includes:
Health service delivery
Health information system
Human resources for health
Health financing
Policy, standards, and regulations
Governance for health

Question 25

problem analysis is construct of

Answer 25

problem tree objective tree alternative tree

Question 26

where does the identified problems are appraised in

Answer 26

decision matrix appraised in = carefully evaluate/ assess

Question 27

briefly explain decision matrix

Answer 27

identifying the problems and possible solutions, evaluate and prioritize these alternatives compare and prioritize the different alternative solutions by scoring them the alternative with the highest total weighted score is considered the best preferred option based on the criteria used the highest score wld merit the no. ranked problem which will then be designated as the priority problem =helps in decision-making

Question 28

give examples of criteria in decision matrix

Answer 28

magnitude of the problem importance of the solution feasibility of solution budget (Feasibility refers to whether something is possible, practical, and achievable given the existing circumstances, resources, and constraints.)

Question 29

it is a methodology to systematically identify the possible contributory factors that lead to the formation of health problem

Answer 29

problem tree

Question 30

how do you start the problem tree

Answer 30

by stating the MAIN problem

Question 31

it is the cause and effect network

Answer 31

problem tree

Question 32

how to create a problem tree

Answer 32

1. start with stating the MAIN problem 2. if problem includes several conditions, identify and include them 3. identify direct factors, the underlying factors and root factors for each conditions associated with the main problem 4. core problem (highest ranked) which has emerged form the decision matrix is analyzes as its root causes and effects 5. provide evidence-based estimate on the nature and extent of each cause of the problem

Question 33

it is the general objectives

Answer 33

objective tree

Question 34

the objective tree includes

Answer 34

specific objectives sub-objectivities pri and sec benefits

Question 35

it is based on the objective tree, identification of alternatives to solve the core problem and the choice of best option

Answer 35

alternative tree

Question 36

briefly explain the difference between the problem tree, objective tree and alternative tree in simple terms

Answer 36

The problem tree identifies the problem, its causes, and effects. The objective tree outlines the desired solutions or objectives to address the problem. The alternative tree explores different strategies or options to achieve those objectives.

Question 37

what are the purpose of developing a plan in project planning proper

Answer 37

formalize commitment to achieve vision of a program guide implementation of the program seek formal approval from executive management and budgetary support

Question 38

define obstacle matrix

Answer 38

it is the analysis of obstacle in health service implementation

Question 39

obstacle matrix involves the ____ and ____ that are specifically management problems

Answer 39

identification of barriers constraints

Question 40

define and briefly explain constraints

Answer 40

factors that adversely affect the effectiveness and efficiency 1. the plan for developing management projects is based on the assumption that program took place address obstacles identified through obstacle matrix 2. improve existing program that is facing obstacles tht prevent from being implemented efficiently and effectively = overcome obstacle and strengthen program's implementation 3.soultion chosen to address these obstacles were carefully selected. if successful implemented = improve program

Question 41

name some type of obstacle constraints

Answer 41

staff technology organization/ management procedures policy population facility

Question 42

the outline of a project plan

Answer 42

project title introduction to the project general objectives of the program specific objectives of the program project components project milestones project activities project flowchart project activity-resource matrix project monitoring worksheet project budgeting worksheet

Question 43

project plan: project title

Answer 43

descriptive indicate the nature of scope of the project

Question 44

project plan: introduction to the project

Answer 44

BACKGROUD briefly tackle the problem the grp has decided to address RATIONALE summarize the results of the program and obstacle analysis SIGNIFICANCE include scenario containing the situations that will indicate that the problem has been solved

Question 45

project plan: general objectives of the project

Answer 45

resolution of the core

Question 46

project plan: specific objectives of the project

Answer 46

upon the completion of selected solutions and are usually written in the format "at the end of the project, the following should have been..." followed by a list of end-of-project milestones in simple terms: the specific objectives are a list of desired outcomes that shld be achieved by the completion of project [end-of-project milestones = specific accomplishment]

Question 47

project plan: project components

Answer 47

set of inter-related activities that contribute to the attainment of at least 1 specific objectives

Question 48

project plan: project milestones

Answer 48

intervening event within each project components that serves as a reference to the progress each component has achieves as it moves closer to its completion

Question 49

project plan: project activities

Answer 49

actions that are critical in reaching project milestone

Question 50

project plan: project flowchart

Answer 50

diagram that depicts the flow of activities when implemented from the start to the end of the project

Question 51

project plan: project activity-resources matrix

Answer 51

a table depicting all the critical resource requirements to implement

Question 52

project plan: project-monitoring worksheet

Answer 52

allocatee time, human resources, and budget requirement for each activity this includes the - project activities - date - no of attendees - facilitated by

Question 53

project plan: project budgeting worksheet

Answer 53

list of pre-determined budget expenditure and project budgeting worksheet that contains an assessment on the no. of resources needed to implement in each activity this includes the - project activity - materials - quantity - cost - total

Question 54

project plan: programming and implementation

Answer 54

effectiveness depends on existence of effective organisms main consideration at implementation stage - defining role and task - selection, training, motivation and supervision