introduction to community and public health Flashcards
define health
as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not as merely as the absence of disease or infirmity
what are the limitations of health
dynamics (constantly changing)
insufficient dimension (political, economical, spiritual)
subjective (should be objective)
idealistic
mean or process (not the end product)
community level construct rather than an individual level
define community
is a group of individuals who share common interest and characteristics
community are bound together by
social
occupation
other characteristics that they have in common
religious
ethnic
what are the other characteristics that individuals have in common that are bound to each other
geographical
historical heritage
similar experiences
values and concerns
rules
what are the classifications of community units
geographical locations
race
age
problem
ethnic
social network
occupation
religion
national origin
define urbanized areas
areas of densely settled territory with 50 000 people or more
define urbanized clusters
areas of densely settled territory with at least 25 000 people but no more than 50 000 people
define rural
all territory, populations and public health that are located outside urbanized areas and clusters
define community health
health status of the community
with voluntary or private actions to promote and protect the health of the communities
green and ottoson 1999
community health
community health organized the responsibilities of the
public health
school health
safety
transportation
tax supported funds
what are the 3 fundamental functions of community health
promotion
protection
maintenance
institute of medicine 1988
public health
define public health
to prevent diseases and promote good health within groups of people, from small countries to entire countries
it is the organized community efforts by the governmental and non governmental sectors
public health
define population health
health status of people who may or may not identify themselves as a community and the efforts and conditions directed toward that group by means that may or may not be organised
the functions of public health is accoring to…
Charles Edward Amory Winslow
sharma and atri 2010
global health
international health
paul basch 1999
international health
WHO 1998
health education
ottawa chapter for health promotion (WHO 1986)
health promotion
WHO 1978
primary health care
clark and macmabon 1981
preventive medicine
define international health by paul basch
a systematic comparison of factors that affect the health of all human populations
define global health
the study of health problems and solutions affecting all people around the world
preventive medicine is according to…
clark and macmabon 1981
health promotion is according to…
ottawa chapter for health promotion (WHO 1986)
” a systematic comparison of the factors that affect the health of all human populations “
international health according to paul basch 1999
” the science and art of examining heath problems in multiple countries, primarily those that are developing and finding population based solutions to their problems “
international health according to sharma and atri 2010
health education by WHO (1998)
“ consciously constructed opportunities for learning some form of communication designed to improve _________, including improving ______ and developing ______ which are conducive to individual and community health. “
health literacy
knowledge
life skills
it is the means of facilitating voluntary health behavior change to achieve good health
health education
it is the subset of health promotion
health education
define health promotion
it is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
it consists of organization, policies and environmental efforts for improving good health
health promotion
health promotion consists of _____, ______, ______ for improving good health
organizations
promotion
educational efforts
what are the essentials of CPH
health education and health promotion
it is essential health care made accessible at a cost a country and community can afford, with methods that are practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable
primary healthcare
what is a secondary healthcare
medical specialists and associated hospital-based settings
what is a tertiary healthcare
specialized health care level
define preventive medicine
it is the art and science of health promotion, disease prevention, disability limitations and rehabilition
it is a field of medicine that works to understand how social and economic factors affect health and illness so that societal conditions can be created that foster good health
social medicine
social medicine is a field of medicine that works to understand how ____ and ____ factors affect health and illness so that ____ conditions can be created that foster good health
social
economic
societal
it is a branch of medicine that deals with population, as opposed to individuals and that provides health care at the community level
community medicine
community medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with _____, as opposed to _____ and that provides health care at the community level
community
individual
community medicine’s objective is:
aims to identify _____ in a community and ____, ____, (_____ to check if the plan of intervention were effective) and ____ health measures addressing the identified problem
health needs
plan
implement
feedback
evaluate
” consciously constructed opportunities for learning some form of communication designed to improve health literacy, including improving knowledge and developing life skills which are conducive to individual and community health. “
health education
what are the 6 challenges affecting CPH
biological factors
behavioral factors
organizational factors
social factors
environmental factors
cultural factors
what is the final level of influence of health
environmental factor
“it is the means to achieve desirable goals in life while maintaining a multidimensional equilibrium that is operationalized for individuals as well as communities”
health according to sharma and romans 2012
It is a form of immunity that occurs when a large number of people in a community are immunized against a particular disease and those who are not vaccinated also have some protection bcs the disease will be slow to spread
Herd immunity
What are some social factors that affect the community health and public health
Economic condition
Occupation
Political milieu
What are the current challenges in community and public health
Prevalence of chronic diseases aka lifestyle disease
Infectious diseases aka communicable disease
Strengthen mental health programs and services
Strengthen local and state health departments
-understaff
-underfund
A credential awarded to a graduate of CEPH-accredited school or program of public health who passes a national examination administered by the national board of public health examiners
Certified in Public Health
