epidemiology Flashcards
what is epidemiology in Greek words
epi =
demos =
logy =
epi = upon
demos = people
logy = study
“Branch of medical services which treats epidemics.”
J.P. Parkin 1873
“The study of the distribution and determinants of diseases frequency in men”
McMahon & Pugh 1970
“Scientific study of the distribution and determinants of health-related state or events in specific populations, and the application of this study to control health problems”
John Last 2001
variables which help to measure changes -according to WHO
health indicators
how are health indicators used
used in determining factors that contribute to the causation and control of disease
identify public health probs and needs
indicate priorities for resources allocation
monitor and evaluate health programs
what are the 3 basic mathematical tool in epidemiology
rate
ratio
proportion
it measures the occurrence of a particular event (disease, disability, death, birth) in a given population during a given period of time
rate
it is the relation in magnitude between 2 random quantities
ratio
the relationship of a part of a whole
proportion
formula of ratio
x/y
formula of rate
[a/ (a+b)t]c
formula of proportion
[a/ (atb)]c
what basic mathematical tool in epidemiology where the multiplier is always 100
proportion
measures how fast people are added to the population through births
crude birth rate
more specific than CBR since birth are related to the segment of the population deemed capable of giving birth
general fertility rate
it is the simplest measure of mortality and shows how fast mortality occurs in a given population
crude death rate
rates which measures the force of mortality in specific subgrp of population
cause-specific death rate
in the cause-specific death rate what type of rates which measures the force of mortality in specific subgrp of population are …
sex specific
occupation specific
cause specific
age specific
it measures how much the afflicted die from the disease
case fatality rate
the deaths of children who are less than 1 years old
infant mortality rate
in infant mortality rate, this include deaths in the first 28 days of life
neonatal mortality rate