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2024 SEM 2 COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH (LAB) > data > Flashcards

data Flashcards

1
Q

it is the facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis

A

data

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2
Q

it is the process of gathering and measuring info on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables to answer to answer stated research question. test hypothesis and and evaluate incomes

A

data collection

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3
Q

it is the primary and one of the most important steps in conducting a research

A

data collection

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4
Q

in a research study, the researcher will decide how theyre gg to collect their research data after _______

A

identifying the problem

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5
Q

define research data

A

recorded factual material necessary to validate research findings

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6
Q

this process of collecting data is a very demanding job which needs thorough planning, hard work and patience to be able to complete the task successfully

A

research data

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7
Q

briefly explain the six core dimensions of quality data (examples)

A

[CUTVAC]
1. completeness
all required data w/o any missing parts (ensure all fields in a student registration form are filled out)

  1. uniqueness
    each data entry is recorded once only, no duplicates (making sure each student has a unique record in the database)
  2. timeliness
    data accurately represents the current specific point in time it is meant to capture (update emergency contact details immediately when they change)
  3. validity
    data conforms to the expected format, type and range of values (ensure date of birth field only accepts valid dates)
  4. accuracy
    data correctly reflects the real-world object or event it is describing (correct spelling of a student’s name in database)
  5. consistency
    same data is represented uniformly across diff platforms or systems, w/o any contradictions (student’s database is consistent across the school’s administrative database and website)
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8
Q

briefly explain the utility of the data

A

[KRANUST]
1. knowable
info must be smthing that can be learned/ observed not js unknown

  1. recorded
    info shld be captured and stored in some shareable format, not in js someone’s mind
  2. accessible
    recorded info shld be retrievable with the right resources and technology
  3. navigable
    easy to find and access the info when needed
  4. understandable
    info must be presented in way that makes sense
  5. sufficient quality
    meet certain standards of completeness, accuracy and timeliness to be useful
  6. topically relevant to needs
    relevant and address specific needs/ purpose it is intended for
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9
Q

briefly explain the factors affecting the data collection

A

[BLTPCECT]
1. bias
qns r asked or info is gathered can influence the response in favor or against the topic = bias

  1. language
    specific phrasing used in qns can sway ppl to give a particular ans
  2. timing
    when data is collected (fr ex: surveying winter tires in aug vs. feb)
  3. privacy
    if topic too personal = ppl dw participate or give inaccurate ans
  4. cultural sensitivity
    avoid offensive qn or ones that dont apply culturally

6.ethics
collect data shld be only for stated purpose (dont ask their social media)

  1. cost
  2. time
    do not take too long when collecting data

all of these can impact the quality an accuracy of data collected if not properly addressed

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10
Q

briefly explain the difference between pri data and sec data

A

pri data: newly obtained firsthand for the current study
sec data: alr existed beforehand for other purposes

diff:
pri data allows full control over what is collected but requires more effort
sec data is readily available, may not perfectly fit the new research needs

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11
Q

it is a technique for physically obtaining data to be analyzed in a research study

A

methods of data collection

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12
Q

what is the difference between the qualitative and quantitative in pri data collection

A

qualitative:
collects non-numerical, descriptive data (words, observation)
quantitative:
collects numerical data that can be counted and calculated

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13
Q

what are some ways researchers can obtain data using the qualitative method

A

fill out self-report instruments
questionnaires
interviews (f2f/ on call)

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14
Q

the researches discuss issues with multiple research participants at the same time at a small group setting is called

A

focus group

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15
Q

the researchers can examine how research participants act in natural and structured environment called

A

observation

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16
Q

the researchers can have the participants fill out an instrument or perform a behavioral design to measure their ability or degree of skills or what we call

A

tests

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17
Q

it is a list of questionnaires aimed at
collecting specific data from a particular group of people

A

survey

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18
Q

examples of secondary data

A

personal documents
official documents
physical data
archived data
books
biographies
records
newspaper
published census or statistical data
internet articles

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19
Q

this data is not been published yet

A

pri data

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20
Q

true or false:
sec data is more reliable, authentic and objective

A

false - pri data

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21
Q

questionnaire is a self-report data collection instrument used to obtain information from the participants about…

A

[FATBBPPV]
thoughts
feelings
attitudes
beliefs
values
perceptions
personality
behavioral intentions

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22
Q

it is the most commonly used method in the survey

A

questionnaire

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23
Q

diff btwn questionnaire and survey

A

questionnaire - written qns
survey - questionnaire + data collection + process data analysis

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24
Q

A data-collection method in which an interviewer asks questions to the interviewee.

A

interview

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25
define the following interviewer: interviewee: personnel: telephone:
interviewer: researcher interviewee: participant personnel: interviews conducted f2f telephone: interviews conducted over phone
26
why is it important that the interviewee trusts you
as w/o trust, u r likely to obtain biased research data
27
what are the advantage and disadvantage in personal interview
+ve: personalization of the study to the participants response rate that is usually higher than with a comparable mail survey observe verbal and nonverbal behaviour "no help from others" record of time of interview -ve: costly (money n time) manipulation or interview bias lack of anonymity inconvenience to the respondent lack of opp to consult records
28
what are the advantage and disadvantage in telephone interview
+ve: saves money faster than mail survey or personal interview study respondents remains anonymous on one home, frequent callbacks can be made btr for collecting sensitive data -ve: they r less motivated
29
true or false: telephone interview is better for collecting sensitive data
true
30
true or false: respondents are more motivated to do a telephone interview
false - less motivated
31
briefly explain the different interview structure types
unstructured interviews: free- flowing convo, casual informal semi structured interviews: some set qns and flexibility structured interviews: fixed predetermined set of qns
32
unstructured interviews is also called _____ structured interviews is also called _____
non directive interview (casual , informal) planned interviews (formal, patterned interviews)
33
which type of interview structure a. can provide accurate info b. most susceptible to subjective bias or error
a. semi structured interview b. unstructured interview
34
briefly explain the agencies and data collection
Philippine statistics authority (PSA) handles major national data collection across sectors - all nation census and surveys - sectoral stats - consolidation of selected administrative and recording system - compilation of national accounts DOH focuses on public health data -Responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and regulation of providers of health goods and services CDC is the principal agency for disease and health statistics in the US - monitor and prevent disease outbreaks including bioterrorism - implement disease prevention strategies - maintain national health statistics
35
types of qualitative interviews
✓ Standardized open - ended interview ✓ Interview guide approach ✓ Informal conversation interview
36
goal of quantitative interview
standardize what is presented to the interviewee
37
the interview protocol is basically a script written on paper for in-person interviews and shown on a computer screen for telephone interviews
quantitative interviews
38
types of quantitative interviews
✓ closed quantitative interview (likert questions)
39
they require a personal sensitivity, adaptability as well as the ability to stay within the bounce of the designed protocol
interview
40
it is among the most challenging and rewarding forms of measurement
interviews
41
difference between questionnaire and interview
questionnaire: research participant reads and records his or her own answers in the spaces provided interview: interviewer reads the questions exactly as written on the interview protocol and records the interviewees answer
42
Tips for Conducting an Effective Interview
make sure all interviewers are trained background homework on the interviewees rapport and trust empathetic and remain neutral use gentle nonverbal heads nods and verbal "uh-ms" be reflexive make sure the interviewee is doing most of the talking be sensitive to gender, age and cultural differences respect their time
43
in-depth field method that brings together a small homogenous group or similar kind-of people to discuss topics in a study agenda
focus group
44
a type of group interview in which a moderator leads a discussion with a small group of individuals to examine, in detail, how the group members think and feel about a topic.
focus group
45
focus group used to collect _____ that are in the words of the group participants
qualitative data
46
why is it called a focus group
as the moderator keeps the indivs in the group focused on the topic being discussed -obtain general background -generating research hypothesis Simulating new ideas and creative concepts -diagnosis the potential for problems
47
focus group is composed of how many participants
6-12
48
leading the focus group discussion
group moderator
49
uses of focus group
o Obtaining general background information about a topic of interest o Generating research hypotheses o Stimulating new ideas and creative concepts o Diagnosing the potential for problems with a new program, service or product o Generating impressions of products, programs, service, institutions, or other objects of interest
50
what are the qualities required or a group moderator
must know how to - facilitate grp discussion - good interpersonal skills
51
focus group are very useful for providing _______ information in a relatively ________
in depth information short period of time
52
defined as the watching of behavioral patterns of people in certain situations to obtain information about the phenomenon of interest
observation
53
what type of approach does observation collect data
systematic data collection
54
briefly explain the observational data collected in 2 diff types of enviro
laboratory observation: done in labs set up by the researchers and inside the confines of research lab (observe a children thru one-way window in the researcher's lab) naturalistic observation: real world setting where the behaviors occur naturally (observing the behaviors of the children in classroom )
55
Involves observing all potentially relevant phenomena and taking extensive field noted without specifying in advance exactly what is observed (done for exploratory purposes and in natural settings)
qualitative observation
56
Involves standardization of all observational procedures in order to obtain reliable research data (counts, frequencies and percentages)
quantitative observation
57
what questions are usually asked in quantitative observation
who is observed? (kind of ppl) what is observed? (variables) where - carried out when - take place how - to be done
58
a research method used for collecting data from a pre-defined group of respondents to gain information and insights on various topics of interest
survey
59
what is one good way to gather a large amt of data providing a broad perspective
survey
60
If the investigators determine that they will use a survey for data collection, they can use an ______ or ______
existing survey develop a new survey
61
survey is consist of a _____ of question that is given to a sample
pre-determined set
62
what are the advantages and disadvantages of existing survey in the survey collection
+ve: saves time same money establish reality establish validity establish data analysis methodology -ve: costly if purchase required trying to use w diff sample health literacy to high of low for population must establish data analysis methodology
63
what is the largest disadvantages of survey
lack of data control
64
what are the survey data collection method
online survey mailed survey in-person survey
65
identify the types of survey: measure previously acquired knowledge focus on specific subjects mastery comprehension proficiency
achievement test
66
identify the types of survey: Set of stimuli presented to an individual in order to elicit responses on the basis of which a numerical score can be assigned
tests
67
identify the types of survey: measures an indiv's skill at actually operating a vehicle. what an indiv can do (Examples)
performance test (retdem)
68
identify the types of survey: uses to predict futures, general ability and knowledge
aptitude test
69
identify the types of survey: Commonly used in quantitative research to measure attitudes, personality, self-perceptions, aptitude and performance of research participants
tests
70
identify the types of survey: used to determine indiv's ability (general ability and knowledge)
aptitude test
71
questionnaires that u need to answer to reveal your personality traits
personality inventories
72
one example of personality inventories
Mayers-Briggs personality test (introvert or extrovert)
73
briefly explain the different types of scales
response scales: ans to a single qn (ex: how do u feel tdy?) concept scales: collection of qns that measures a single subject (ex; self esteem - Rosenberg's self esteem scale)
74
❖ I am satisfied with myself. ❖ Strongly agree = 3 ❖ Agree = 2 ❖ Disagree = 1 ❖ Strongly disagree = 0 ❖ The higher the score, the higher the self-esteem.
Rosenberg’s self- esteem scale
75
creating a survey
review the research qns ask only survey question that ans the research qns organize survey qns from ez to difficult write qns in simple and concise manner avoid double qns (ex: how satisfied r u with the level of MEDICAL and NURSING care at this clinic) group similar qns (all food intake qns r grouped tgt and all exercise qns r grped tgt) avoid skip patterns provide clear instructions for each transition (“the next six questions are about your exercise habits. Please select the response that best describes your behavior”) check the readability score proofread the survey several times (“public” and pubic” are both spelled correctly, but the letter L changes the meaning dramatically) pretest the survey (ask colleagues who r not involved in the survey development to proofread it) pilot test the survey finalize the survey format
76
cover letter describes the purpose of the ____, ____, and ____ of the ____ and ____of participation
research evaluation description incentives benefits
77
states how long the survey takes to complete, benefits for participation and how responses are kept confidential
cover letter
78
briefly explain the different types of secondary data (examples)
personal documents: written, photographed, recorded for private purposes (letters, diaries, fam vids, pics) official documents: written, photographed or recorded by some type of public or private organization (newspaper, edu journals, magazines, annual report, student work, books) physical data: created or left by humans that might provide info abt a phenomenon of interest to a researchers (fingerprints, wear on lib books, soil from shoes and clothing) archived research data: data originally used for research purpose and then stored for possible later use, maybe inn print form but are usually stored n computer (census data)
79
Standard demographic question that should be included
Age
80
How does age give insight when it comes to changing population Young - Aged - Middle - 40s -
Young - STH, cold, foot and mouth disease Aged - osteoporosis, dementia, hearing loss Middle - depression 40s - CKD, CVD
81
Data collections
Age Ethnicity Location Sex Educational attainment
82
Lepstospirosis
During rainy season
83
A self report data collection instrument used to obtain information from the participants abt the Thoughts Feelings Attitudes Beliefs Values Perception Personality Behavorial intentions
Questionnaires

2024 SEM 2 COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH (LAB) (10 decks)

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