Plan and Policy Development Flashcards
Stage 1: Pre-Planning
Community diagnosis:
- Determine your community’s purpose, capacity, and readiness for planning
- Identify key stakeholders
Process design:
- Establish a budget for planning
- Issue a RFP, if applicable
- Incorporate opportunities for public participation and education
Stage 2: Planning
Data Collection and Analysis:
- Assess your community’s data and information needs
Issue Identification:
- Involve local decision-makers and the public in identifying key community issues, challenges, opportunities, and desires
- Identify a vision for the future development of the community
Goal and Objective Formulation:
- Develop goals and measurable objectives to help attain your community’s vision
Strategy Formulation:
- ID potential implementation strategies to satisfy goals and objectives
- Take formal action to adopt the plan
Stage 3: Post-Planning
Plan Implementation:
- Adopt a specific course of action to implement the plan
Monitoring and Assessment:
- Monitor progress towards achieving stated goals, objectives and indicators
Using Visioning in a Comprehensive Planning Process
https://www3.uwsp.edu/cnr-ap/clue/Documents/publicProcesses/Using_Visioning_in_Comprehensive_Planning_Process.pdf
Visioning in Planning for Recovery Management
https://planning.org/publications/document/9139484/
APA Quick Notes on Visioning
https://www.planning.org/publications/document/9007612/
Visioning
- A process whereby citizens attend a series of meetings that provide an opportunity to offer input on how the community could be in the future
- Early in the planning process
- 20-30-year time horizon
- Purpose is to build consensus
Visioning - Advantages
- Catalyst
- Creates excitement
- Keeps process on track
- Keeps implementation moving forward
Visioning - Disadvantages
- Adds to cost of planning process. Intensive public participation effort
- Creates unrealistic expectations that the government can’t fulfill
- Dependent on facilitator
Dillon’s Rule
Cities - principle that cities, towns and counties have no powers other than those assigned to them by state governments
Home Rule
Article or amendment to the state constitution grants cities, municipalities and/or counties the ability to pass laws to govern themselves as they see fit
Preemption
When the law of a higher level of government limits or even eliminates the power of a lower level of government
Tribal Sovereignty
583 tribal governments recognized as sovereign nations by the U.S. Constitution. 1959 Williams v. Lee - tribes have right to make own laws and be ruled by them.
Fiscal Impact Analysis - PAS Report
https://planning.org/publications/report/9026994/
Fiscal Impact Analysis
Purpose is to estimate the impact of a development or a land use change or a plan on the costs and revenues of governmental units serving the development.
Looks at:
- City’s property tax rate
- Ave. cost of educating a child in local school system
- Ave. cost per SF of constructing a public bldng
Environmental Impact Analysis
NEPA, 1969
Environmental Assessment (EA)
Required to determine whether there is a significant enviro. impact
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
Required for federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment.
4 Sections:
1) Introduction - statement of Purpose and Need of Proposed Action
2) Description of Affected Environment
3) Range of Alternatives to the proposed action. Alternatives considered the “heart” of an EIS
4) Analysis of the environmental impacts of each of the possible alternatives
Address 5 topics:
1) Probable impact of proposed action
2) Any adverse environmental effects that cannot be avoided
3) Alternatives to the proposed action
4) Relationship between local short-term uses of the environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity of the land
5) Any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources that would be involved in the proposed action
Mediation
https://www.wsba.org/docs/default-source/legal-community/elu/resources/elu_luem_resources_zoning_dispute_whisperer_111100.pdf?sfvrsn=28123df1_4
Negotiation
Involves discussion to reach an agreement. Usually results in a memorandum of agreement, not generally legally binding
Mediation
Involves a 3rd party, but is non-binding.
Arbitration
Third party determines a resolution or award which is legally binding.
Policy Analysis
Economic, Social, Environmental, Equity impacts
The Comprehensive Planning Process
- Sustainability, resilience and equity
- Systems-thinking approach
- Authentic participation
- Accountable implementation
Comp Plan - Scoping
- Why?
- Key objectives
- Work statement/major deliverables
- Milestones
- Constraints
- Exclusions
Creating Planning Documents
https://www.planning.org/publications/report/9136804/
