Misc Planning History

Question 2

Washington, D.C.

Answer 2

Pierre L’Enfant
-Assigned by George Washington in 1791
-Multi-centered Baroque Plan

Paris (1800s)
-Napoleon III and Georges Eugene
Haussman
-Boulevards

Question 3

The City Beautiful

Answer 3

• Daniel Burnham, 1846 - 1912
• World’s Columbian Exposition
• The “White City”
• McMillan Committee
• Resurrection of L’Enfant’s Plan, 1901
• Chicago Plan, 1909 (make no small plans)

Question 4

Garden Cities

Answer 4

Ebenezer Howard
- 1898, To-Morrow, A Peaceful Path to Social Reform
- 1902, Garden Cities of To-Morrow

Howard’s 3 Garden Cities
1. Letchworth (Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker)
2. Welwyn Garden City
3. Wythenshawe

Question 5

Cities Functional

Answer 5

• AKA “City Efficient” or “City Scientific”
• American Planning Institute, 1917 (later, American Institute of Planners)
• An Introduction to City Planning, 1909, Benjamin Marsh
• The Improvement of Towns and Cities, 1907, Charles Mulford Robinson
• Replanning Small Cities, 1912, John Nolan
• Carrying Out the City Plan, 1914, Flavel Shurtleff and Frederick Law Olmstead, Jr.

Question 6

History of Zoning

Answer 6

• New York City - Equitable Building - garment industry - protection from blocking light, protection from unwanted use (both a matter of protecting property values)
• NYC zoning code, 1916 - Divided NY into commercial, residential, unrestricted districts, 5 types of height-of-building districts
• Set-back design is mandated - Ziggurat
• Edward M. Basset - “the father of zoning”
• Herbert Hoover - Secretary of Commerce (1921 - 1928) - 1924, Standard State Zoning Enabling Act
• Euclid v. Ambler, 1926, U.S. Supreme Court, Alfred Bettman

Question 7

Regional Planning of New York

Answer 7

• RPNY, 1929, Clarence Perry, Neighborhood Unit
• Radburn, 1929
• RPAA (Regional Planning Association of America) vs. RPA

Question 8

Suburban Expansion

Answer 8

• Greenbelt near D.C., 1937
• Greenhills, near Cincinatti, 1938
• Greendale, near Milwaukee, 1938

3 interrelated policies
1. Suburban Housing:
a) FDR, 1933, Homeowners Loan Corp.
b) National Housing Act, 1934, FHA

2. Automobile Policy
3. Regional infrastructure - e.g., TVA