Major American Planning Movements

Question 1

City Beautiful Movement

Answer 1

Late 1800s - early 1900s. Daniel Burnham. Aesthetics = moral/civic virtue. Upper class. White City. 1893 Columbian Exposition. McMillan Plan of 1901 (Washington D.C., L’Enfant Plan)

Question 2

Garden City Movement

Answer 2

Self-contained. 6,000 acres. pop. 32,000. Ebenezer Howard. Tomorrow (1898). Letchworth, U.K. (1903, Raymond Unwin). Greenbelt cities. Influenced New Town Movement. Sunnyside, NY (Clarence Stein). Radburn, NJ (Clarence Stein + Henry Wright). Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye.

Question 3

The City Efficient

Answer 3

AKA City Scientific. Reaction against City Beautiful.

Question 4

The City Humane

Answer 4

1930s, post-Depression. Jobs/housing

Question 5

Greenbelt Towns Program

Answer 5

Pres. Roosevelt, Resettlement Administration, 1935. Greendale, WI; Greenhills, OH; Greenbelt, MD

Question 6

New Towns Act

Answer 6

U.K., 1946. Garden Cities. Lacked industry and city centers. Park Forest, Illinois.

Question 7

City Functional Movement

Answer 7

1940s. Post-war industrialization. Administrative efficiency.