Communication and Interaction Flashcards
Tips for Equitable Digital Engagement
1) Digital outreach should be mobile app compatible
2) Provide mobile hotspots to supplement internet services
3) Standardize public engagement practices
4) Overcome bias against digital comm.
5) Phone interviews and mailed surveys with postage-paid return envelopes are still useful feedback options
Paul Davidoff
Advocacy Planning
Sherry Arnstein
Ladder of participation
Saul Alinksy
Rules for Rebels, Community Oranizing
Surveys
- Good for understanding perceptions; gauge attitudes
- Not about consensus building
- Internet-based surveys not a good way to reach elderly/poor
- Mail surveys have low response rates
Focus Groups
- Help to build consensus
- For controversial social issues: facilitate sessions with small groups
- Good for discussing plan concepts before drafting plan
- Good for committee with a specific task
Delphi Technique
- Developed by by RAND in the 1950s
- Experts respond to questionnaire
- Reiterative process that reduces the range of responses
- Arrive at a consensus
Public Meetings
Conventional Practice:
- Speaker/expert focused
- Citizens air concerns
- “usual suspects”
- no group discussion
- individual testimony/final report
Current Practice:
- Participant focused
- Shared ideas + prioritization
- Participant recruitment/facilitated small group discussion
- Real-time polling
How Public Participation Breaks Down
- Lack of trust
- Fear of change
- Exclusion
- Opposing views
- Specialty silos
- Endless, unproductive meetings
Charrette Process
- Build trust
- Embed people in design process
- Change perceptions via collaborative design
- Bring people together to solve problems
- Time-compression - sense of urgency
- Third-party facilitation
Forms of Municipal Government
Weak Mayor - Council (the mayor has limited powers when it comes to city admin, the council has executive authority)
Strong Mayor - Council
Commission Plan
Council - Manager (appointed)
