places and spaces Flashcards
what is a place? x2
all places are connected
all places are different
what is in a place? x4
people are at the heart of places
settlement patterns
transport routes
individual buildings
how is a place defined?
Places are defined by a combination of characteristics which change over time
what characteristics make up the identity of a place?
physical geography
demography
socio-economic
cultural
political
built environment
examples of each characteristic that make up a place.
physical geography- altitude, slope angle, aspect, geology
demography- population, age of population, gender, ethnicity
socio-economic - employment, income, education, status
cultural - religion, clubs and societies
built environment - age and style of buildings, density of houses
definition of knowledge economy
jobs that require a higher level of eduction and gather, store and analyse knowledge
definition of time-space compression
a set of processes leading to a shrinking world caused by reduction in relative distance between places
name 5 characteristics that influence peoples perception of place
age
gender
sexuality
religion
role
how do these different characteristics affect peoples perception of place
AGE- changes as people go through life cycle
postive perceptions may turn negative
GENDER- places are divided reflective of the way society view man and womens roles eg society was built around men, and question of womens saftey
SEXUALITY- acceptance of different sexual orientations becomes more widespread
some places acquire the meaning because theyre lgbt groups such as gay village in manchester
RELIGION - certain features in landscape mean some places are sacrid to certain groups, stonehenge, jerusalem
ROLE- different responsibilities you have through life cycle affect perception
describe emotional attachment to a place
highly personal and selective
could be a social memory which is effected by feelings that are social and are recieved as part of a group eg protest or terrorist attack
define diaspora
the spread of an ethnic or national groups who have left their homeland
describe a group of diaspora
the kurds
all the same nationality (Kurdish)
don’t have their own state
28-30 million kurds
Kurdistan lies across turkey, iran, iraq, syria and a further 2-3 mil live as diaspora in eg Germany
emotionally attatched to the land, after they were forced to abandon their traditions afert break up of Ottoman Empire
define globalisation
globalisation is the increasing inter-connectedness and interdependence of the world, economically, socially, politically, and culturally
what is a global village
a saying to convey the idea that the world has become smaller, and there is more interconnectedness
what is informal representation of places
tv, films, literature, music
what is formal representation of places
large quantaties of data collected, which is valuable to representing places
eg. census, map,
define inequality
resources, wealth, and oppurtunities are not evenly spread
define spatial inequality
the unequal distribution of factors at any scale
eg- North vs South England
define quality of life
the extent to which needs and desires are met
define standard of living
ability to access services and goods including basics such as food and water
name 10 characteristics determining standard of living and quality of life
quality of housing
level of pollution
access to leisure services
access to employment
level of income
percentage on state benefits
percentage of free state meals
incidence of crime
standards of educations
percentage of lone pensioners
what is the poverty cycle/spiral of decline/negative cumilative causation
poverty->poor living conditions->ill health->poor education-> poor occupational skills-> poverty
what is an LSOA?
lower layer super output area
small designed to be of a similar population size. Approximatley 1500 residents or 650 household. There are 32,844 LSOAs
which 7 factors are combined to get an index number
crime
employment
health
living environment
income
education
barriers to housing and services.
what are the characteristics of a boom?
economy always dynamic and changing
more opportunities
improved economic health of a place
increase in profit
new technology
business growth
happens every 50 years according to Kondratieff
not evenly spread, core areas benefit more than peripheral areas
what are the characteristics of a recession?
less opportunities
worse economic health
stagnation
decrease in profit
plateau of profit
decrease in GDP
decrease in household income
decrease in investments
increase in unemployment and bankruptcies
who are key economic players?
individuals, groups, people or organisations who can influence or be influenced by the process of change
who are public players?
include governments- EU, local and national
what is the EU?
Trans-national government that can influence economic change via grants for infrastructure development
how is national government and economic player?
has departments and agencies responsible for strategic planning such as education and training and major transport links