Brazil EDC migration Flashcards
Brazil economy
leading economic power in latin america
services = 69% of GDP
changes in GDP
$4874 in 2007
$5823 in 2014
Brazil changing demographic
declining crude birth rate and ageing population
current patterns of immigration and emigration x7
net migration loss of half a million in 2000-2004 and 2005-2009, but slowed to 190,000 between 2010-2014
increased migration between Brazil and its neighbouring countries, especially Mercosur members but also Chile and Andean states
A slowing down on emigration of lower skilled economic migrants
Increased emigration of highly skilled workers to Europe, USA and Japan
an influx of migrants from Haiti and increasingly from African countries
A rise in the number of international labour migrants attracted by the construction industry for the 2016 Olympics and 2014 World Cup
Strong and continuing internal migration especially from the NE to cities in the SE
changes in immigration and emigration over time
late 19th and 20th century net recipient of migrants- Europeans were attracted to work in agricultural sector - coffee cultivation
Japanese migrants attracted to agricultural and industrial sectors
economic migration to neighbours Paraguay and Argentina
political crisis caused migration to Bolivia
immigration to Brazil has slowed in the last 15 years - 80,000 fewer migrants living in Brazil now than in than in 2000
period emigration has increased = 2013, 1.77 million living abroad vs under 1 mil in 2000
migrant flows Brazil and Portugal
long standing bi-lateral relationship
politically, socially, and economically.
Brazil is former colony of Portugal
Portuguese government gives special status to Brazillian migrants
Portugal gateway to EU for economic migrants
shred language, ancestry and family ties = easy integration
well-developed social diaspora networks
migrant remittances important to many families
migrant flows Brazil and USA
links important on socio-economic, environment and political levels
returning migrants have acquired skills and knowledge to aid Brazillian development
low skilled economic migrants remit money
work in USA service sector
USA have negotiated important agreements with Brazil surrounding trade, education, defence..
USAID gives support to Brazil in environmental projects eg training indigenous to protect tribal lands
migrant flows Haiti and Brazil
political, economic and humanitarian
National Immigration Council for Brazil enables Haitan immigrants to easily get visas, reducing vulnerability to trafficking networks
haitains escape as refugees after 2010 earthquake and political instability
Haiti has poor human rights incl awful gender based violence
impact of migration on economic development
waves of immigration in different periods from Japan, Portugal and other European countries including Italy, Germany and Spain ahve contributed to the growth in agriculture and manufacturing sectors
Recent arrivals of highly skilled professionals with employment contracts have contributed to entrepreneurship, innovation and reducing gaps in the labour market
Emigration to the USA Japan and Portugal has resulted in migrant remittances to Brazil, used by families in housing improvements, education and general consumption which has contributed to development at all scales
impact of migration on political stability
Brazil has a stable and democratic political system + a leading member of Mercosur, an important member of G20 and OECD and is in BRICS group
Membership of Mercosur, primarily a trading bloc where there is a free flow of trade, capital and labour migration = has helped South American integration and the promotion of political stability
Stable political relationships between Brazil and the countries which it has bilateral migrant flows espc USA Japan and Portugal
Brazil is an important receiver of environmental and political refugees and as a stable government accepts responsibilties for their welfare and employment prospects by providing visas and work permits
impact of migration on social equality
UNESCO - there are inequalities in Brazilian society between different ethnic groups. Inequalities exist in housing provision, access to services, educational attainment and income. Brazilians of African descent are most affected
inequalities have a spatial perspective with poverty concentrated in rural areas or i the favelas to which the poor migrate
Prejudice and discrimination in the labour market especially against black and indigenous population s and this impedes their full economic political and social development
