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Human Geography > birmingham > Flashcards

birmingham Flashcards

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1
Q

where is birmingham?

A

heart of west midland conurbation

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2
Q

population

A

1.1 million

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3
Q

history of birmingham
1563

A

power from watermills
products had become less agricultural such as developing blades for swords
metropolitan - william camden “swarming with inhabitants”

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4
Q

history of birmingham
1700

A

lots of rural to urban migration fo pop growing - 15,000
middle class increasing - service sectors developing
different housing areas based on socio-economic areas
Boulton made first factory in the world in birmingham, employing 700

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5
Q

history of birmingham
1800

A

gun, jewellery, button and brass industries dominated
other industries needed to support the growing population
Cadbury factory set up Bourneville village
banks eg lloyds founded and law firms developed
in the middle of canal network
london to birmingham railway opened in 1838

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6
Q

history of birmingham
1906

A

new engineering industries developed eg car plant

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7
Q

history of birmingham
1917

A

vehicle industry expanded
eg Dunlop tyre company

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8
Q

how did birmingham survive the great depression?

A

due to the diversity of metal-working industries

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9
Q

how was there prosperity and growth in brimingham in the 1950s-1960s?

A

population increase due to natural increase and rural to urban migration
unemployment below 1%

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10
Q

how did the oil crisis contribute to decline in the 1970s-1980s?

A

caused by arab-israeli war
industries faced more foreign competition

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11
Q

how did TNCs contribute to decline in the 1970s-1980s?

A

british car industry declined due to more foreign competition from TNC espc Japan

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12
Q

how did the vehicle industry contribute to decline in the 1970s-1980s?

A

frequent strikes from management and unions caused a decline in the industry
making birmingham less appealing to foreign investors

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13
Q

new tower blocks

A

400 built
5000 homes destroyed in ww2
1945-1970, 81,000 new dwellings constructed
people unhappy
high drug and crime rates
no sense of community

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14
Q

ethnic diversity

A

53% white
13% pakistani
high immigration rates- birmingham became a cosmopolitan city
38% of population under 24 - youthful

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15
Q

local government

A

attracts inward investment
caused construction of National Exhibition Centre and expansion of Birmingham airport which helps improve international accessibilty

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16
Q

city challenge

A

designed to help places access funding for redevelopment

17
Q

birmingham heartlands redevelopment corporation

A

established to bring regeneration to old areas such as Nechells

18
Q

neal deals

A

provided broadband access in parts of inner city
set up work experience programmes to improve employment opportunity

19
Q

EU social investment

A

£235 million gained from EU due to European and international affairs team who promote Birmingham outside of the UK

20
Q

European regional development fund

A

money that has gone into projects such as improving insulation in run down social housing and buildings and SMEs

21
Q

SMEs

A

Small Medium size Enterprises
businesses with fewer than 250 employees

22
Q

planning

A

meant to act as a catalyst for socio-economic change
eg centenary square and victoria square developed and the surrounding buildings eg 19th century town hall

23
Q

flagship development eg international conventions centre, symphony hall, national indoor area

A

funded by EU
cultural player bringing about economic change
Barclay card centre attracts national and international conferences and causes multiplier effect

24
Q

birmingham university

A

student population: 50,000 - 5 universities
makes demographic youthful
institutions bring wealth to area
employ large numbers
students provide goods and services

25
Q

bull ring

A

redeveloped in 1960s
first major shopping centre in Europe
refurbishment and radical design of Selfridges contributes to the city’s status of being one of the leading retail centres - post modernist architecture

26
Q

canal and river trust

A

charity set up on 2012 to oversee the canal system and have contributed to the regeneration of locations eg gas street basin
canals are playing a key role in economic revitalisation

27
Q

transport in birmingham

A

main railway station New Street transformed by £700 million investment

midland Metro links central birmingham to places in the west

HS2 transport development will imapct London - £20 million investment will speed up tracks

HS2 project will include many players

HS2 project will stimulate eocnomic growth

hub of motorway network M1 M4 M40 M42

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