Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIGU Exam 2 > Placenta And Fetal Membranes > Flashcards

Placenta And Fetal Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

4 fetal membranes

A
  1. Chorion
  2. Amnion
  3. Umbilical vehicle
  4. Allantois
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 parts of the placenta

A
  1. FETAL PART : chorionic sac (outermost fetal membrane)

2. MATERNAL PART : from endometrium (most functional part of placenta) = decidua

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What connects placenta circulation to fetal circulation

A

Umbilical cord vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Site of blood and nutrient exchange from mom and fetus

A

Placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Decidua and 3 parts

A

Functional part of endometrium, leaves with baby

  1. Decidua basalis
  2. Decidua Capsularis
  3. Decidua Parietalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Decidua Basalis

A

Deep to conceptus, where blastocyst implants into endometrium
Maternal part of placenta
BABY + PLACENTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Decidua Capsularis

A

Superficial and overlies the conceptus

CHORION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Decidua Pareitalis

A

Remaining parts of the decidua

WALLS OF UTERUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Decidual Reaction

A

Done by the decidua basalis cells that undergo massive lipid and glycogen accumulation and look pale = nutrients for embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when do trophoblasts differentiate and to what

A

10th day, as blastocyst is embedded into endometrium

  1. Cytotrophoblast (inner)
  2. Syncytiotrophoblasts (outer)= invades and displaces decidual cells —-> decidua basalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lacunae appear

A

In the syncytiotrophoblast

Fill with blood and uterine secretion, forms networks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primordial Uteroplacental Circulation

A

O2 and nutrients pass to embryo by diffusion through lacunae networks bathing the embryo
(Before any Blood supply network has established)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Amnion is

A

Thin tough membrane around fetus and amniotic fluid

= will eventually grow to X chronic cavity and line the umbilical cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do amnioblasts come from

A

From the Epiblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Amniotic Fluid

A

Cushion fetus, reg temp, increases with gestation
(Has aa, carbs, fats, enzymes, Hs., salts, ions, steroids)
Over time GIGU and RESP takes over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How much amniotic fluid at birth

A

700ml-1000ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Extraembryonic mesoderm (hypoblast) consists of

A
  1. Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm : lines trophoblasts and over amnion
  2. extraembryonic Splanchnic mesoderm : around umbilical vesicle
  3. Extraembryonic Ceolom : around amnion and umbilical vesicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chorionic sac 3 components

A

Cytotrophoblasts + Syncytiotrophobalsts + extraembryonic somatic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Poly Hydraminos

A

Excessive fluid
CAUSES: CNS + genetic deformities + GI blockage
ABD pain, swelling and bloating,breathlessness, PROM risk, uterus grows too big
*Premature rupture of membranes = PROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

Not enough fluid (<400ml),
CAUSES : renal agenesis, pulmonary hypoplasia,
Club foot, maternal HTN

21
Q

Placenta 3 critical components

A

Villous Chorion = fetal part sticking into decidua basalis
Chorionic villi
Decidua basalis = maternal part

22
Q

Cytotrophoblasts do what after implantation to form the placenta at the decidua basalis site

A
  1. It proliferates to make the CHORIONIC PLATE right below the villus chorion (fetal part)
  2. Extends extensions through the syncytiotrophoblasts to attach to decidua basalis = CYTOTROPHOBLASTIC SHELL
  3. Encloses the lacunae networks inside the villus chorion forming the INTERVILLOUS SPACE
23
Q

Intervillous space

A

Forms lacunae network and site of blood with the fetal villi sticking in to it

24
Q

Placental Septa

A

Decidua erosion that happens as the cytotrophocytes that enclose the lancunea network eroded villi by maternal decidua basalis (on either side of villi)
Parts that are not eroded forming the villi = Cotyledons

25
Q

Which weeks do intervillous space of placenta contain maternal blood due to the decidual erosion

A

Week 11-14

(In areas that the villous chorion and decidua basalis connect and form openings into each other) * BY spiral arteries

26
Q

Primary Chorionic Villi

A

When cytotrophoblasts first grow into the syncytiotrophoblasts
Week 2 end
And then forms small columns (week8) which become SMOOTH and VILLOUS chorion
* cytotrophoblasts core and covered by syncytiotrophoblasts

27
Q

The smooth vs villus chorion

A

the decidua basalis = villous chorion

The decidua Capsularis = smooth chorion (columns degenerate)

28
Q

The Secondary Chorionic Villi

A

Extraembryonic mesoderm grows into the primary villi (WEEK3)
Core : Extraembryonic mesoderm (fetal CT)
Covered by cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts

29
Q

Tertiary Chorionic Villi

A

Some of the Extraembryonic mesoderm have become BVs
CORE : Capillaries and CT
Then cytotrophoblast layer
Then syncytiotrophoblasts layer’
*Late pregnancy = cytotrophoblasts are lost slowly and syncytiotrophoblasts organize into syncytial knots

30
Q

Tertiary Chorionic Villi have 3 types to BV villi inside

A

all from the villus chorion
MAIN STEM VILLI : extend from chorionic plate
*BRANCH VILLI : extend from main stem villi to increase SA, (main exchange)
ANCHORING VILLI : attach to the maternal tissues on the cytotrophoblastic shell

31
Q

Cotyledons contain

A

2 or more main stem villi + many branch villi

32
Q

As the the chorionic villi are formed there are some changes happening to the decidua

A
  1. Villous chorion = placenta site
    Capsularis = smooth chorion
  2. Capsularis part bulges into the uterine cavity eventually hitting the other uterine wall
  3. Casularis degenerates : Amnion and Chorion fuse = Amniochorionic membrane
  4. Amniochorionic membrane fuses with decidua paietalis on opposite wall facing the vagina opening
33
Q

Before 20 week

A

Syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, CT in villi, endothelium of fetal capillaries

34
Q

After 20 weeks

A

Syncytiotrophoblasts, CT in Villi, endothelium of fetal capillaries
(Lost cytotrophoblast) - late pregnancy

35
Q

What CANT cross the placenta membrane

A

Protein Hs. (AP, PP)
Bacteria
aa like structured drugs (methyldopa)

36
Q

What CAN cross the placental membrane

A

Nutrients : H2O, glucose, aa, VIT, electrolytes
H. : testosterone, progestins, T3/T4
IgG
Insulin (some)
Waste
Drugs + alcohol
Infections of : Varicella, rubella, measles, herpes, listeria….

37
Q

What is inside the umbilical cord

A

Enclosed by amnion and inside is mucous tissue = WHARTON’S JELLY

  1. 2 Umbilical A.s (deoxygenated)
  2. 1 Umbilical V (80% oxygenated)
38
Q

X Umbilical Artery

A

By chromosome or fetal anomalies
Can impact 3rd stage labor
Agenesis or degraded one of A.s, detected before birth

39
Q

Placenta Previa

A

Placenta implants in lower uterine segment or cervical
= 3rd trimester bleeding
= high risk if you have had prior placental previa or c-section

40
Q

Placenta Accrete/a

A

Partial or complete absence of the decidua = villous chorion adheres to myometrium directly
= placenta does not separate at birth
= sever and life threatening postpartum bleeding

41
Q

Hydatidiform Mole

A

Replacement of normal villi by dilated or hydropic (edematous) translucent vesicles

  1. Partial Mole
  2. Complete Mole
42
Q

Partial Mole

A

Portions of villi are edematous, capillaries can be seen in the villi
Fetal tissue can be found
Ovum fertilized with 2 sperm (69XXY or 92XXXY)

43
Q

Complete Mole

A

All villi enlarged, covered with trophoblast invasion
No fetal tissue
Fertilization of blighted ovum ——> all DNA is paternal (2 sperm or 1 duplicated sperm) (46XY, 46XX)

44
Q

Invasive Mole

A

Complete mole (which has no genetic info) that penetrates or perforated the uterine wall = hemorrhaging
Dx: high hCG
Sx: female has + pregnancy test and no fetal tissue in ultrasound
Tx: chemotherapy

45
Q

Gestational Choriocarcinoma

A

Highly invasive tumor from trophoblast cells
50% of molar pregnancies
Dx: High hCG with no uterine enlargement
Tx: chemotherapy and other agents combined

46
Q

Monozygotic Twins

A

SAME chorion sac
Divides at :
2-8 cell (0-72hr) ——> 2 amnion, 2 chorion * MOST separate placentas
Blastocyst (4-8 days) ——> 2 amnion, 1 chorion
Implanted (9-12 days) ——> 1 amnion, 1 chorion

47
Q

Most monozygotic twins divide when

A

from embryoblast at blastocyst (65%)

35% divide at 2 morula stage - own chorionic and amniotic sacs

48
Q

Dizygotic Twins

A

From 2 zygotes (2 amnions and 2 chorions) =Fraternal twins
Implant separately = 2 chorions, 2 amnions
Adjacent Implantatin = 2 amnions, 2 fused chorions, 2 placentas

GIGU Exam 2 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions