Male Reproductive Histology Flashcards
Where are Sertoli and Leydig cells located
Sertoli = in the semiferious tubules of the testis (initiate spermatogenesis + —Iparamesenephric) Leydig = around the semiferious tubules of the testis (secrete testosterone from hCG signal)
Where are Sperm and androgens made
Testis
Where is semen and nutrients for sperm made
Seminal Vesicle, Prostate Gland, Bulbourethral Gland
Copulatory Organ with erectile tissue
Penis
What is on the posterior side of the testes
The epididymis
What is the testes made up of
- Dense CT = Tunical Albuginea around it (mediastinum testis on the post side= CT fibrous network extending to the bottom)
- Septa with lobules with seminiferous tubules inside
- Tunica Vaginalis = peritoneum + outer and inner layer
Outer layer of tunica vaginalis
Lining the scrotum
Inner layer of tunica vaginalis
Lining the tunica albuginea
What is between the mediatinum testis and seminiferous tubules that relay both to the epidermis on the bottom
The RETE TESTIS
Seminiferous tubules are lined by what and what is inside
Seminiferous epithelium
Peritubuar myoid cells - contract tubule to move spermatozoa
Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells -inside
Spermatogenic cells - inside
How manylobules are there with these seminiferous tubules and what is around the tubules
250-300
Leydig cells around the tubules - interstitial secreting testosterone
Leydig cells have a lot of
Lipid droplets in cytoplasm
Mito
Close to BVs and lymph
What composes the seminiferous epithelium
- Sustentacular cells (Sertoli cells)
2. Spermatogenic cells
Sertoli cells histology
Columnar cells with long processes extending to surround the spermatogenic cells
*CYCLOPS NUCLEUS = very median and single nucleus
Spermatogenic cells histology
Replicate and differentiate to mature sperm
Most immature = on basal membrane (SPERMATOGONIA)
Most mature, not fully mature = attached to apical part of Sertoli cells her tubule lumen (SPERMATIDS)
Sertoli Cells functions
- Exchange + transport metabolites from BVs into lumen
- Exocrine and endocrine secretion
- Phagocytosis residual bodies (sperminogenesis) + defected sperm
* Bound by TJs + makes Blood Testis Barrier
Basal Compartment vs Luminal compartment
Separated by BTB
Basal compartment = next to BM and BVs
Luminal Compartment = separated and has to connection to BVs , above BTB (lumen of seminiferous tube)
How do you know the position on the Blood Testis Barrier looking at the testis
Drawing a line at the Cyclopes nuclei of the Sertoli cells
Spermatogonia 2 types + features
Type A : makes copies of itself or becomes type B
Type B : enter meiosis prophase (primary spermatocytes)
* near,closest to BM and undergoes mitosis - make type A or B or both
Where is meiosis happening in the testis
On the lumen side of the BTB
Spermatocytes
Undergo 2 meiosis divisions inside BTB
From primary spermatocytes——> secondary spermatocytes——> spermatids(early + late)
What cells are found in the luminal compartment
2ndary spermatocytes, spermatids, sperm
Which cell breaks the BTB
The primary spermatocytes break the blood testis barrier and then the TJs reestablish
——> move into luminal compartment from the basal compartment
What is found in the basal compartment
Spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes
What cell undergoes spermiogensis and what is made
Spermatids :
- Early spermatids (round) = housed in niches of Sertoli cells
- Late spermatids (elongated) = housed in apical crypts of Sertoli cells
Spermiation
When mature spermatids are released in to the lumen
= loose intracellular bridges (residual bodies)
= spermatozoa are formed - when in lumen
= sperm (spermatozoa) are propelled in epididymis
Cryptorchid testis
Undescended testis - infertility
No spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules
Peritubular fibrosis - Leydig cell hyperplasia
* testis have to descend in order to have spree development (since ABD is too warm
Head of spree has
Elongated nucleus and capped by acrosome (hydrologic enzymes)
SPERM PATHWAY (6 places)
- Straight tubules - take from seminiferous-> rete
- Rete Testis - in the mediastinum fibrous network
- Efferent Ductules (bottom of testis)
- Epididymis
- Ductus Deference - mix with fluid from accessory glands
- Ejaculatory Duct
Epididymis function
Sperm mature location
Mature sperm stored in the tail
Sperm maturation = acquiring forward motility
* expel sperm during ejaculation
Epididymis histology
Pseudostratified columnar with long stereocilia
1. Principal cells : columnar cells extending from lumen to basal lamina + stereocilia
2. Stem cells : make more principal cells
Has circular this SM layer around each tube
Ductus Deference Histology
Very think muscular tube
Pseudostratified columnar epithelia + some stereocilia
CT + elastic tissue + adiposites
Has circular (middle) and Longitudinal SM (inner + outer)
= carry sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
What does the ductus deference have that connects it to the prostate gland
Also where else does it get fluid
The AMPULLA
Dilated part leading to the prostate gland
The vas deference gets fluid from the seminal Vesicle also at its distal end
What are the 4 accessory glands
- Seminal Vesicles 2
- Prostate glands 1
- Bublouretheral glands 2
- Urethral glands
Which glands make most of the seminal fluid and regulation of it
Seminal Vesicle and prostate gland
Regulated by ANDROGENS (testosterone + DHT)
Seminal Vesicles secretes and histology
Alkaline rich in fructose and prostaglandins
(70% of semen)
CT capsule
High mucosa lined by pseudostratified columnar * NO stereocilia
Inner circular + outer longitudinal SM
What penetrates the prostate gland
The DUCTUS DEFERENCE + SEMINAL VESICLE EXCERTORY DUCT + urethra = * ejaculatory duct
Prostate Gland 4 zones
- Central Zone = around the ejaculatory duct piercing the prostate (*25% of gland)
- Peripheral Zone = around the central zone + Post.Lat prostate (*70% glandular tissue)
- Transitional Zone = around prostatic urethra (5%) -mucosal
- Periurethral Zone = mucosal and submucosal glands
Where do most prostatic carcinomas arise
The peripheral zone
Can be palpated during digital rectal exam
Prostate histology
30-50 tubuloacinar glands in dense fibromuscular stroma + CT capsule
* simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar
Has CORPORA AMYLACEA in lumen
What part of prostate has chance of getting benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
TRANSITIONAL ZONE
Parenchymal cells undergo hyperplasia ——> nodular masses of epithelial cells ——> compression of prostatic urethra = hard to urinate
Where in prostate do later stages of BPH effect
The PERIURETHRAL ZONE
This zone undergoes pathological growth from stromal components
Where do all glands of all zones of the prostate + ductus deference/seminal excretory duct (ejaculatory duct) join where
The prostatic urethra
What does the prostate gland secrete
Corpora amylacea = rich glycoproteins + Ca+2 (stored as deposited in the prostate
- Zn rich alkaline (neutralization in vagina) = SECRETED
- Nutrients in transportation + makes semen more liquid
Bulbourethral glands Histology
In urogenital diaphragm
Mucus gland like
Simple columnar epithelium
Bulbourethral glands secretion and regulation
Preseminal fluid : lubrication of *penile urethra
+ alkaline to neutralize acidic urine
Regulated by Testosterone (androgen)
* make sure there is no urine in urethra to protect sperm
Penis Histology
Cylinderical columnar masses of erectile tissues
2 Corpora Cavernosa
1 ventral corpus Spongiosum (with urethra inside)
+vascular sinus and fibocollagenous stroma
Glans Penis
Distal tip of the corpus spongiosum
Corpora cavernosa is surrounded by
What is inside
Dense fibroelactic layer = TUNICA ALBUGINEA
* inside is the deep artery of the penis
Reason there is a lot of trabeculi and vascular sinuses in the cavernous
For erection
Erection is due to
Blood filling the cavernous spaces or erectile tissue
What causes the signal to erection
PARASYMPATHETIC: relax trabecular SM + dilate helicine arteries
=high blood flow
= Dorsal vein is compressed against tunica Albuginea——I venous outflow
* both lead to erectile tissue
What causes the signal for ejaculation
SYMPATHETIC : Constriction of helicine arteries and trabecular muscles
= lowered BF
= veins can drain
