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GIGU Exam 2 > Male Reproductive Histology > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Where are Sertoli and Leydig cells located

A 
Sertoli = in the semiferious tubules of the testis (initiate spermatogenesis + —Iparamesenephric)
Leydig = around the semiferious tubules of the testis (secrete testosterone from hCG signal)
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2
Q

Where are Sperm and androgens made

A

Testis

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3
Q

Where is semen and nutrients for sperm made

A

Seminal Vesicle, Prostate Gland, Bulbourethral Gland

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4
Q

Copulatory Organ with erectile tissue

A

Penis

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5
Q

What is on the posterior side of the testes

A

The epididymis

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6
Q

What is the testes made up of

A
  1. Dense CT = Tunical Albuginea around it (mediastinum testis on the post side= CT fibrous network extending to the bottom)
  2. Septa with lobules with seminiferous tubules inside
  3. Tunica Vaginalis = peritoneum + outer and inner layer
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7
Q

Outer layer of tunica vaginalis

A

Lining the scrotum

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8
Q

Inner layer of tunica vaginalis

A

Lining the tunica albuginea

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9
Q

What is between the mediatinum testis and seminiferous tubules that relay both to the epidermis on the bottom

A

The RETE TESTIS

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10
Q

Seminiferous tubules are lined by what and what is inside

A

Seminiferous epithelium
Peritubuar myoid cells - contract tubule to move spermatozoa
Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells -inside
Spermatogenic cells - inside

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11
Q

How manylobules are there with these seminiferous tubules and what is around the tubules

A

250-300

Leydig cells around the tubules - interstitial secreting testosterone

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12
Q

Leydig cells have a lot of

A

Lipid droplets in cytoplasm
Mito
Close to BVs and lymph

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13
Q

What composes the seminiferous epithelium

A
  1. Sustentacular cells (Sertoli cells)

2. Spermatogenic cells

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14
Q

Sertoli cells histology

A

Columnar cells with long processes extending to surround the spermatogenic cells
*CYCLOPS NUCLEUS = very median and single nucleus

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15
Q

Spermatogenic cells histology

A

Replicate and differentiate to mature sperm
Most immature = on basal membrane (SPERMATOGONIA)
Most mature, not fully mature = attached to apical part of Sertoli cells her tubule lumen (SPERMATIDS)

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16
Q

Sertoli Cells functions

A
  1. Exchange + transport metabolites from BVs into lumen
  2. Exocrine and endocrine secretion
  3. Phagocytosis residual bodies (sperminogenesis) + defected sperm
    * Bound by TJs + makes Blood Testis Barrier
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17
Q

Basal Compartment vs Luminal compartment

A

Separated by BTB
Basal compartment = next to BM and BVs
Luminal Compartment = separated and has to connection to BVs , above BTB (lumen of seminiferous tube)

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18
Q

How do you know the position on the Blood Testis Barrier looking at the testis

A

Drawing a line at the Cyclopes nuclei of the Sertoli cells

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19
Q

Spermatogonia 2 types + features

A

Type A : makes copies of itself or becomes type B
Type B : enter meiosis prophase (primary spermatocytes)
* near,closest to BM and undergoes mitosis - make type A or B or both

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20
Q

Where is meiosis happening in the testis

A

On the lumen side of the BTB

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21
Q

Spermatocytes

A

Undergo 2 meiosis divisions inside BTB

From primary spermatocytes——> secondary spermatocytes——> spermatids(early + late)

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22
Q

What cells are found in the luminal compartment

A

2ndary spermatocytes, spermatids, sperm

23
Q

Which cell breaks the BTB

A

The primary spermatocytes break the blood testis barrier and then the TJs reestablish
——> move into luminal compartment from the basal compartment

24
Q

What is found in the basal compartment

A

Spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes

25
Q

What cell undergoes spermiogensis and what is made

A

Spermatids :

  1. Early spermatids (round) = housed in niches of Sertoli cells
  2. Late spermatids (elongated) = housed in apical crypts of Sertoli cells
26
Q

Spermiation

A

When mature spermatids are released in to the lumen
= loose intracellular bridges (residual bodies)
= spermatozoa are formed - when in lumen
= sperm (spermatozoa) are propelled in epididymis

27
Q

Cryptorchid testis

A

Undescended testis - infertility
No spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules
Peritubular fibrosis - Leydig cell hyperplasia
* testis have to descend in order to have spree development (since ABD is too warm

28
Q

Head of spree has

A

Elongated nucleus and capped by acrosome (hydrologic enzymes)

29
Q

SPERM PATHWAY (6 places)

A
  1. Straight tubules - take from seminiferous-> rete
  2. Rete Testis - in the mediastinum fibrous network
  3. Efferent Ductules (bottom of testis)
  4. Epididymis
  5. Ductus Deference - mix with fluid from accessory glands
  6. Ejaculatory Duct
30
Q

Epididymis function

A

Sperm mature location
Mature sperm stored in the tail
Sperm maturation = acquiring forward motility
* expel sperm during ejaculation

31
Q

Epididymis histology

A

Pseudostratified columnar with long stereocilia
1. Principal cells : columnar cells extending from lumen to basal lamina + stereocilia
2. Stem cells : make more principal cells
Has circular this SM layer around each tube

32
Q

Ductus Deference Histology

A

Very think muscular tube
Pseudostratified columnar epithelia + some stereocilia
CT + elastic tissue + adiposites
Has circular (middle) and Longitudinal SM (inner + outer)
= carry sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

33
Q

What does the ductus deference have that connects it to the prostate gland
Also where else does it get fluid

A

The AMPULLA
Dilated part leading to the prostate gland
The vas deference gets fluid from the seminal Vesicle also at its distal end

34
Q

What are the 4 accessory glands

A
  1. Seminal Vesicles 2
  2. Prostate glands 1
  3. Bublouretheral glands 2
  4. Urethral glands
35
Q

Which glands make most of the seminal fluid and regulation of it

A

Seminal Vesicle and prostate gland

Regulated by ANDROGENS (testosterone + DHT)

36
Q

Seminal Vesicles secretes and histology

A

Alkaline rich in fructose and prostaglandins
(70% of semen)
CT capsule
High mucosa lined by pseudostratified columnar * NO stereocilia
Inner circular + outer longitudinal SM

37
Q

What penetrates the prostate gland

A

The DUCTUS DEFERENCE + SEMINAL VESICLE EXCERTORY DUCT + urethra = * ejaculatory duct

38
Q

Prostate Gland 4 zones

A
  1. Central Zone = around the ejaculatory duct piercing the prostate (*25% of gland)
  2. Peripheral Zone = around the central zone + Post.Lat prostate (*70% glandular tissue)
  3. Transitional Zone = around prostatic urethra (5%) -mucosal
  4. Periurethral Zone = mucosal and submucosal glands
39
Q

Where do most prostatic carcinomas arise

A

The peripheral zone

Can be palpated during digital rectal exam

40
Q

Prostate histology

A

30-50 tubuloacinar glands in dense fibromuscular stroma + CT capsule
* simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar
Has CORPORA AMYLACEA in lumen

41
Q

What part of prostate has chance of getting benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

TRANSITIONAL ZONE
Parenchymal cells undergo hyperplasia ——> nodular masses of epithelial cells ——> compression of prostatic urethra = hard to urinate

42
Q

Where in prostate do later stages of BPH effect

A

The PERIURETHRAL ZONE

This zone undergoes pathological growth from stromal components

43
Q

Where do all glands of all zones of the prostate + ductus deference/seminal excretory duct (ejaculatory duct) join where

A

The prostatic urethra

44
Q

What does the prostate gland secrete

A

Corpora amylacea = rich glycoproteins + Ca+2 (stored as deposited in the prostate

  • Zn rich alkaline (neutralization in vagina) = SECRETED
  • Nutrients in transportation + makes semen more liquid
45
Q

Bulbourethral glands Histology

A

In urogenital diaphragm
Mucus gland like
Simple columnar epithelium

46
Q

Bulbourethral glands secretion and regulation

A

Preseminal fluid : lubrication of *penile urethra
+ alkaline to neutralize acidic urine

Regulated by Testosterone (androgen)
* make sure there is no urine in urethra to protect sperm

47
Q

Penis Histology

A

Cylinderical columnar masses of erectile tissues
2 Corpora Cavernosa
1 ventral corpus Spongiosum (with urethra inside)
+vascular sinus and fibocollagenous stroma

48
Q

Glans Penis

A

Distal tip of the corpus spongiosum

49
Q

Corpora cavernosa is surrounded by

What is inside

A

Dense fibroelactic layer = TUNICA ALBUGINEA

* inside is the deep artery of the penis

50
Q

Reason there is a lot of trabeculi and vascular sinuses in the cavernous

A

For erection

51
Q

Erection is due to

A

Blood filling the cavernous spaces or erectile tissue

52
Q

What causes the signal to erection

A

PARASYMPATHETIC: relax trabecular SM + dilate helicine arteries
=high blood flow
= Dorsal vein is compressed against tunica Albuginea——I venous outflow
* both lead to erectile tissue

53
Q

What causes the signal for ejaculation

A

SYMPATHETIC : Constriction of helicine arteries and trabecular muscles
= lowered BF
= veins can drain

GIGU Exam 2 (13 decks)

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