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GIGU Exam 2 > Physiology Or Pregnancy And Fetus > Flashcards

Physiology Or Pregnancy And Fetus Flashcards

1
Q

Placenta main functions

A

GUT : nutrients
LUNG : exchange O2 CO2
KINDEY : wastes and fluid volumes
ENDOCRINE : Hs. For metabolism

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2
Q

How is the blood supply of the mother and fetus

A

Separate however very juxtaposed

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3
Q

Fetal side of blood supply

A

Chorionic Villi

Many branched to increase SA

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4
Q

Mother components for blood supply

A

Spiral arterials go into the INTERVILLOUS SPACE and

  1. Drained by maternal V
  2. Site to exchange with Chorionic Villi
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5
Q

Where does the fetal blood come from

A

2 umbilical As : DEOXYGENATED

- they penetrate the chorionic plate and make the chorionic villi

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6
Q

Umbilical vein

A

Pick up O2 and nutrients from the intervillous space and returns back to fetus

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7
Q

Umbilical A and V are dilated at the tip

A

To slow blood and increase exchange

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8
Q

P O2 in mom and fetus circulation

And Hb

A

Lower in fetus allows for diffusion

Fetal Hb has stronger affinity

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9
Q

Affinity of CO2 in fetus and mom

A

Higher affinity in mom for CO2

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10
Q

Passive transfer in the placenta

A

Non-protien (urea, creatine) to mom

Lipid H.

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11
Q

Facilitated diffusion in placenta

A

Glucose to fetus

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12
Q

Primary + secondary transport

A

AA
VIT
Mineral
*all to fetus

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13
Q

Receptor mediated ednocytosis in placenta

A

Large molecules (LDL, Insulin, IgG, Abs)

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14
Q

Placenta functions on mom

A

Growth of breasts

Adopt to metabolic changes

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15
Q

hCG function

A

Stimulate CL to secrete P (and not regress after 2 weeks luteal phase)

  1. Made from syncytiotrophoblasts
  2. Can cause morning sickness (peak at early pregnancy)
  3. Some gets into male fetus : Leydig —> testosterone
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16
Q

hPL (Human Placental Lactogen)

A

hCS (human chorionic somatomammotropin)

  • made by syncytiotrophoblasts
  • converts glucose -> FA + Ketones make Blood Glucose increase
  • Lipogenesis : form mom to use fat more
  • develop breasts
  • ——I Insulin (can lead to diabetogenicity)*
17
Q

Progesterone from Placenta has what role

A

Stimulate endometrium adhesion + glands
Reduce mobility in uterus
——I contractions * (by inhibiting oxytocin R)
Breast growth

18
Q

Estrogen from the placenta has what role

A
  • increase endometrium growth (during period)
  • increase progesterone R,
  • increase BV to placenta
  • increase LDL R, prostaglandins R, oxytocin R = parturition
  • growth of breasts
19
Q

M-P-F unit

A

P and E rises a lot during pregnancy due to
Mother - cholesterol
Fetus : enzymes that placenta doesn’t have
Placenta : uses these to make E and P

20
Q

Progesterone shift being made from CL to Placenta happens when

A

Week 8

21
Q

What makes placenta Abel to make progesterone

A

Syncytiotrophoblasts: get cholesterol from MOM

- they have CYP11A1 +3B-HSD =P ——mom circulation

22
Q

How is Estrogen made by the placenta

* dont need to know in detail or the enzymes from this lecture

A

cholesterol from MOM
Fetus produces 16a-Hydroxylase = E
17a-Hydroxylase = E
17,20 Desmolase = E

23
Q

3 circulatory shunts of the fetus

A
  1. Ductus Venosus : Bypass LIVER
  2. Foramen Ovale : movesblood from right antrum to left (Bypass RIGHT VENTRICLE)
  3. Ductus Arteriosus : moves blood from pulmonary A -> Aorta (Bypass LUNGS)
24
Q

Ductus Venosus

A

From placenta (Umbilical V + IVC) ——> Right Atrium

25
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

From Left Ventricle ——> Carotid + Brain

26
Q

Ductus Arteriosus

A

From Pulmonary A ——> Aorta
Back to placenta (umbilical Arteries)
*closes within some 1st breaths (as lungs expand)

27
Q

how does the ductus Arteriosus close

A

Lungs expand from first breaths

= decrease P in LUNGS increased P in AORTA

28
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

A

Shunt doesn’t close all the way (heart murmurs)
= oxygenated Blood (aorta) mix with deoxygenated blood (pulmonary A)
= increases pulmonary BP

29
Q

Closure of foramen Ovale happens how

A 
pressure gradient reverses *increased venous return to LA
=Increased P LEFT ATRIUM
=decreased P RIGHT ATRIUM
* left and right circulatory system made
*closedrigth away also
30
Q

Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)

A

Shunt not closed all the way (20% by 2yo)
RA increased P can open the flap (cough, sneeze, bowel movement)
= pulmonary HTN
= not always sympathetic (can be in chronic migraine patients)

31
Q

Closure of Ductus Venous

A

Within 1-3 hrs muscle walls contract -close within 1-2days
Due to decreased BF and pressure changes
Portal Vein P increased :
* permanent closed within 1-3mo

GIGU Exam 2 (13 decks)

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