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GIGU Exam 2 > Menstrual Cycle And Ovulation > Flashcards

Menstrual Cycle And Ovulation Flashcards

1
Q

Meiotic Arrest is at what

A

Prophase 1 (all oocytes I am born with)

  • until LH surge
  • they hav high levels of cAMP
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2
Q

When does the oocyte finish meiosis 1 and then meiotic arrest at metaphase 2

A

When the oocyte is chosen as the graffian follicle
* on polar body is extruded
This cell has high levels of MAPK proteins

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3
Q

Second meiotic arrest is at

A

Metaphase 2

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4
Q

When does the oocyte finish meiosis 2 (from its arrest at metaphase2)

A

When the oocyte is fertilized

  • MAPK degeneration
  • 2nd polar body is extruded
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5
Q

Primary follicles

A

Meiosis 1 prophase 1
Singles layer of pregranulosa cells
* ovarian reserve and only 400-500 continue on to meiosis 2
Many undergo atresia

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6
Q

The granulosa cells of the primary oocyte secrete what

A

ZP proteins that sperm can bind to

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7
Q

Secondary follicle

A

Still primary oocyte rounded by 3-6 layers of granulosa cells
Secrete factors to make thecal cells

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8
Q

What happens when a secondary follicle progresses

A 
Increased vascularization (vascular reef) 
ZP is fully formed
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9
Q

Pre-natural follicular development

A

Some endocrine function having FSH and LH receptors

Thecal cells are made more fully—> some E

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10
Q

Antra Follicular Development

A

Granulosa proliferate and 3 types

More H released (midfollicular phase)

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11
Q

Which granulosa cells have gap junctions and adhesion for communication

A

Cumulus oophorus and corona radiata

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12
Q

Which granulosa cells are steroidogenic and what is the biggest secretion

A

Mural granulosa , Progesterone

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13
Q

Which cell has fully receptors for LH and FSH

A

Antral follicle

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14
Q

What does LH do

A
  1. Early follicular development :
    Goes to Thecal internal cells
    Makes Androstenedione + Testosterone (androgens)
  2. CL development :
    Goes to Mural + Thecal cells ——> Progesterone
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15
Q

What does FSH do

A

Goes to Granulosa cells

Aromatizes androstenedione—> Estrogen

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16
Q

Later in the antral follicle stage

A

The oocytes become competent to complete meiosis 1 when LH surge happens
(It has cdk-1 and cyclin B proteins)

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17
Q

What causes selection of the dominant follicle

A

Oocyte most sensitive to FSH which becomes graffian follicle

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18
Q

What do mural cells secrete

A

ESTROGEN + Inhibin B

= causes FSH to decline , so cell with most sensitivity (most receptors) becomes dominant

19
Q

Inhibin effect

A

——I FSH

20
Q

Periovulatory Period

A

Onset of LH surge to ovulation

Thecal and mural cells change = MAKE PROGESTERONE

21
Q

CL as what things

A

A lot of LH receptors

= make P

22
Q

How does the LH surge cause the oocyte to be able to break through

A

Thecal and granulosa cells release hydrolytic enzymes

23
Q

What happens to the CL initially

A

Increased BF to survive a secrete P (by cholesterol stores)

= corpus hemorrhagicum

24
Q

What causes the CL to survive

A

HCG

—> binds to LH and continue secreting P

25
Q

Reason CL secretes P and another H it also secretes if Pregnant

A

To transform uterus to a supportive structure

Inhibin A ——I FSH

26
Q

2 H that are low after ovulation and beginning of CL

A

LH and FSH

27
Q

During atresia what cell persists

A

Thecal cells with LH receptors = make androgens

* becomes the interstitial gland of ovary

28
Q

GnRH is released pulsitile which causes what

A

LH and FSH released pulsitile with more each time

If constant GnRH = no LH and FSH

29
Q

What caused AP to get super sensitive to GnRH and secrete more LH and FSH

A

The high Estrogen level

30
Q

What secretes Inhibin

A

Granulosa cells from FSH activation

This ——I FSH secretion from AP *choose dominant follicle with most R.

31
Q

Activin

A

Made by granulosa cells by FSH activation to INCREASE FSH

+ feedback (after the dominant follicle is chosen)

32
Q

What causes the very high E

A

Thecal cells that aromatizes a lot of androstenedione in granulosa cells

33
Q

What causes decrease of LH and FSH after LH surge

A

CL secretes some estrogen,inhibin, progesterone——I them

34
Q

What causes slight increase in FSH at very end of cycle and LH/FSH (AP) sensitivity to GnRH to come back

A

The death of CL (NO E and I or P)

35
Q

Preovulatory Body Temp

A

Stable

36
Q

When does body temp increase

A

Past ovulation when P is made by CL (1-1.5days after ovulation)

37
Q

If no pregnancy what happens to body temp

A

In decreases before bleeding happens again (no P)

38
Q

E and endometrium

A

Proliferation

39
Q

P and endometrium

A

Differentiation to secretory state (temporary) - more BVs and glycogen, glands
If pregnancy uterus undergoes DECIDUATION

40
Q

Which cells become decidual cells

A

The stromal cells in the endometrium

41
Q

Menopause
When
Why

A

At 12mo post last cycle (51.4yr)
LOW estrogen LOW Inhibin (from decrease in follicular cells)
——> LH and FSH remain high

42
Q

Menopause

How to Dx:

A

Higher FSH, due to no -feedback

43
Q

Pre-menopause

Sx:

A 
Irreg periods
Vagina dryness
Hot flash
Sleep probs
Mood changes
Weight gain
Dry skin
Loss of breast fullness
44
Q

Some Tx: for managing pre-menopause/menopause Sx:

A

Estrogen therapy - osteoporosis
Vaginal estrogen
Anti-depressants low dose
Gabapentin - hot flashes

GIGU Exam 2 (13 decks)

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