Menstrual Cycle And Ovulation Flashcards
Meiotic Arrest is at what
Prophase 1 (all oocytes I am born with)
- until LH surge
- they hav high levels of cAMP
When does the oocyte finish meiosis 1 and then meiotic arrest at metaphase 2
When the oocyte is chosen as the graffian follicle
* on polar body is extruded
This cell has high levels of MAPK proteins
Second meiotic arrest is at
Metaphase 2
When does the oocyte finish meiosis 2 (from its arrest at metaphase2)
When the oocyte is fertilized
- MAPK degeneration
- 2nd polar body is extruded
Primary follicles
Meiosis 1 prophase 1
Singles layer of pregranulosa cells
* ovarian reserve and only 400-500 continue on to meiosis 2
Many undergo atresia
The granulosa cells of the primary oocyte secrete what
ZP proteins that sperm can bind to
Secondary follicle
Still primary oocyte rounded by 3-6 layers of granulosa cells
Secrete factors to make thecal cells
What happens when a secondary follicle progresses
Increased vascularization (vascular reef) ZP is fully formed
Pre-natural follicular development
Some endocrine function having FSH and LH receptors
Thecal cells are made more fully—> some E
Antra Follicular Development
Granulosa proliferate and 3 types
More H released (midfollicular phase)
Which granulosa cells have gap junctions and adhesion for communication
Cumulus oophorus and corona radiata
Which granulosa cells are steroidogenic and what is the biggest secretion
Mural granulosa , Progesterone
Which cell has fully receptors for LH and FSH
Antral follicle
What does LH do
- Early follicular development :
Goes to Thecal internal cells
Makes Androstenedione + Testosterone (androgens) - CL development :
Goes to Mural + Thecal cells ——> Progesterone
What does FSH do
Goes to Granulosa cells
Aromatizes androstenedione—> Estrogen
Later in the antral follicle stage
The oocytes become competent to complete meiosis 1 when LH surge happens
(It has cdk-1 and cyclin B proteins)
What causes selection of the dominant follicle
Oocyte most sensitive to FSH which becomes graffian follicle
What do mural cells secrete
ESTROGEN + Inhibin B
= causes FSH to decline , so cell with most sensitivity (most receptors) becomes dominant
Inhibin effect
——I FSH
Periovulatory Period
Onset of LH surge to ovulation
Thecal and mural cells change = MAKE PROGESTERONE
CL as what things
A lot of LH receptors
= make P
How does the LH surge cause the oocyte to be able to break through
Thecal and granulosa cells release hydrolytic enzymes
What happens to the CL initially
Increased BF to survive a secrete P (by cholesterol stores)
= corpus hemorrhagicum
What causes the CL to survive
HCG
—> binds to LH and continue secreting P
Reason CL secretes P and another H it also secretes if Pregnant
To transform uterus to a supportive structure
Inhibin A ——I FSH
2 H that are low after ovulation and beginning of CL
LH and FSH
During atresia what cell persists
Thecal cells with LH receptors = make androgens
* becomes the interstitial gland of ovary
GnRH is released pulsitile which causes what
LH and FSH released pulsitile with more each time
If constant GnRH = no LH and FSH
What caused AP to get super sensitive to GnRH and secrete more LH and FSH
The high Estrogen level
What secretes Inhibin
Granulosa cells from FSH activation
This ——I FSH secretion from AP *choose dominant follicle with most R.
Activin
Made by granulosa cells by FSH activation to INCREASE FSH
+ feedback (after the dominant follicle is chosen)
What causes the very high E
Thecal cells that aromatizes a lot of androstenedione in granulosa cells
What causes decrease of LH and FSH after LH surge
CL secretes some estrogen,inhibin, progesterone——I them
What causes slight increase in FSH at very end of cycle and LH/FSH (AP) sensitivity to GnRH to come back
The death of CL (NO E and I or P)
Preovulatory Body Temp
Stable
When does body temp increase
Past ovulation when P is made by CL (1-1.5days after ovulation)
If no pregnancy what happens to body temp
In decreases before bleeding happens again (no P)
E and endometrium
Proliferation
P and endometrium
Differentiation to secretory state (temporary) - more BVs and glycogen, glands
If pregnancy uterus undergoes DECIDUATION
Which cells become decidual cells
The stromal cells in the endometrium
Menopause
When
Why
At 12mo post last cycle (51.4yr)
LOW estrogen LOW Inhibin (from decrease in follicular cells)
——> LH and FSH remain high
Menopause
How to Dx:
Higher FSH, due to no -feedback
Pre-menopause
Sx:
Irreg periods Vagina dryness Hot flash Sleep probs Mood changes Weight gain Dry skin Loss of breast fullness
Some Tx: for managing pre-menopause/menopause Sx:
Estrogen therapy - osteoporosis
Vaginal estrogen
Anti-depressants low dose
Gabapentin - hot flashes
