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GIGU Exam 2 > Female Reproductive Histolgy > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Histolgy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 cycles of the menstrual cycle

A
  1. Ovarian Cycle : several ovarian follicles undergo folliculogenesis
  2. Uterine Cycle : concurrent cycle, endometrium prepares fro implantation
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2
Q

Ovary histology

A

Lined by simple cuboidal—> granulesa + stromal cells
(OVARIAN SURFACE EPITHELIUM)
CT : tunica Albuginea

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3
Q

What does the cortex of the ovary have

A

CT and ovarian follicles

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4
Q

What does the ovarian Medulla have

A

CT, interstitial cells, neurovasculature, lymph from Hilum

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5
Q

Ovarian Follicles, location, during what time of life

A

In the cortical stroma
Has a single oocyte inside
Follicular and granulosa cells surround oocyte during growth

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6
Q

Oocytes at birth are

A

Arrested in meiosis 1 metaphase 1

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7
Q

During folliculogenesis some follicles undergo cyclic growth what are the 3 stages

A
  1. Follicular phase
  2. Ovulation phase
  3. Luteal Phase
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8
Q

Primordial Follicles

A

Many in the cortex

Simple squamous layer (follicular/pregranulosa cells) around them

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9
Q

Primary Follicles

A

They have simple cuboidal (granulosa cells) around them

Zona pellucida begin as to form in between granulosa and primary oocyte

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10
Q

Late Primary Follicle

A

Surrounded by stratifies granulosa (cuboidal) cells
Cells communicate through gap junctions
Has BM + NO vasculature still

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11
Q

Secondary Follicle

A

Granulosa cells secrete follicular fluid = become Call-Exner bodies that enlarge and combine —> antrum
Granulosa cells reorganize to for antrum (large cavity inside)
Stromal cells for thecal layer around

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12
Q

Theca layer is made from what and histology

2 types

A

From stromal cells, stratified cuboidal

  1. Theca interna: vascularized cell layer next to BL, support granulosa cells
  2. Theca externa: fibrous cellular layer continuous with stroma
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13
Q

Theca interna secretes

A

Makes and secretes androstenedione ——> estradiol

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14
Q

Mature (graffian) follicle

A
  1. Antrum accumulates fluid (max size os 2cm)
  2. Thickening of thecal layers
  3. Bulges at the surface of ovary
  4. Granulosa cells thin out
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15
Q

How does the granulosa cells thin out into

A
  1. Mural granulosa cells : line the follicular wall (outside part of antrum (secrete estrogen) = follicular fluid
  2. Cumulus oophorous : attaches primary oocyte to the follicle wall (deliver nutrients)
  3. Corona Radiata : granulosa cells right around ZP (inside part of antrum)
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16
Q

What stage can you see different parts of granulosa cells

A

Mature Graffian Follicle

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17
Q

What stage do you see different features of the thecal cels

A

Secondary follicle

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18
Q

Follicular Atresia

A

All follicles that are developing in the ovary that don’t become the dominant follicle
* only dominant one ovulates
= Apoptosis (no inflammation)*looks like a glassy membrane

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19
Q

What causes ovulation to happen to dominant follicle

A

The LH surge

After the primary oocyte (finish meiosis)——> secondary oocyte (meiosis 2, metaphase 2)

20
Q

What repairs the ovary after the oocyte ruptures out

A

The mural granulosa cells and the thecal interna cells

21
Q

What is the luteal phase

A

What happens to the follicle ones the mature oocyte has ruptures out from the follicle into oviduct
Corpus luteum—> regression—> corpus albicans

22
Q

Luteal phase Luteinization

What happens

A

The mural granulosa cells—> granulosa lutein cells
The Theca Interna cells—> theca lutein cells
= together they make the CORPUS LUTEUM *in case of fertilization

23
Q

Granulosa Lutein cells

A 
Secrete steroids (progesterone, estrogen)
From FSH and LH stimulation
24
Q

Theca Lutein Cells

A

Secrete androstenedione and progesterone

From LH stimulation

25
Q

Luteal Phase Luteolysis

IF FERTILIZATION

A

CL makes more progesterone + estrogen
From HCG stimulus
*until placenta is made and takes over

26
Q

Luteal Phase Luteolysis

IF NO FERTILIZATION

A

CL involution stage (14 days after ovulation)

=Luteolysis happens——> corpus Albicans (type 1 collagen)*gets small and white scar, no apoptosis

27
Q

What hormone helps pick dominant follicle in ovary

A

FSH

28
Q

Uterine Tube Histology

A

Simple columnar ( mucosal)
Cilia + secretory peg cells(increase in size with estrogen signal)
SM : peristaltic contractions + cilia action
Serosa with BVs

29
Q

Which area has the most folds in the mucosa

A

The Ampulla

More then the Isthmus

30
Q

3 layers of the uterus

A
  1. Perimetrium : top
  2. Myometrium : SM circular middle -> Stratum Vasculare + SM longitudinal inner/outer (no vasculature)
  3. Endometrium: simple columnar
31
Q

Functional layer and Basal Layer of endometrium

A

Basal Layer: closest to myometrium, STAYS

Functional Layer : supplied by spiral As. SHED DURING MENSTRUATION, also a component of the placenta

32
Q

What is the blood supply to the endometrium

A

ARCUATE ARTERIES

  1. STRAIGHT SEGMENT : supplies the basal layer
  2. COILED (SPIRAL A) SEGMENT : supplies the functional layer and stretches with endometrial growth
33
Q

What does the arcuate artery do right before menstruation

A

It contracts at the straight-coiled junction

= reduces blood flow ———> destruction of the functional layer

34
Q

Which artery rebuilds the endometrium functional layer

A

The straight arteries or segments still supplying blood

35
Q

The Menstrual Phase

A

(Day 1-4)

  1. Regression of the corpus luteum
  2. Reduced blood supply -necrosis of functional layer
  3. Shed functional layer
36
Q

Proliferation Phase

A

( Days 5-14)

  1. Glands proliferate on surface
  2. Spiral Arteries elongate and become convoluted into functional layer
  3. *Estrogen dependent
37
Q

Secretory Phase

A

(Days 15-28) post ovulation

  1. Thickest endometrium grows
  2. Spiral arteries grow into functional layer more
  3. Glands appear like “saw tooth”
  4. *Estrogen + Progesterone dependent (from corpus luteum)
38
Q

What happens if implantation and fertilization does occur

A

The Decidual reaction

39
Q

Decidual reaction

A
  1. Functional endometrium helps in placental development
  2. Fibroblasts—> decidual cells
    - store lipids and glycogen
    - * decidual reaction (lower immune response to sperm and implantation, moderate syncytiotrophoblasts invasion so it doesn’t go too far)
40
Q

Cervix Histology

A

Endocervix :
Simple columnar mucosa + cervical crypts
Communications between uterus and vagina through the endocarvix canal
Ectocervix : outside part of cervix, Strat. Squamous (closest to vagina)

41
Q

Zone where endocervix —> ectocervix

A

Transition zone

42
Q

Large dilated cervical crypts

A

Can become occluded and = Nabothian cysts

43
Q

Vagina Histology

A

Stratified Squamous non-keratinized
NO GLANDS
Mucus and secretions are from cervical glands or the Bartholin Gland next to the vagina

44
Q

Estrogen and vagina

A

Increase glycogen storage (when cells shed off the top like in skin, the bacteria use glycogen to make lactic acid to lower pH)= protect against pathogens
Increases growth of the endothelium

45
Q

External Genitalia

A

Mons Pubis :skin, keritinized, strat squamous
Labia Majora : extension of mons pubis, apocrine + sebaceous glands
Labia Minora : high BVs, elastic fibers, sebaceous glands

46
Q

The Clitoris Histology

A

Erectile tissue (2 erectile bodies), trabeculea, spaces and high BVs

  1. CORPORA CAVERNOSA : thin CT like tunica Albuginea
  2. More layers of CT, vulvar tissue + perineal tissue
    * large amount of Nerve endings, signaled similarly in ANS
    * no corpus spongeosum

GIGU Exam 2 (13 decks)

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