Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIGU Exam 2 > Parturition And Lactation > Flashcards

Parturition And Lactation Flashcards

1
Q

During pregnancy the uterus is

A

Relaxed and unresponsive to hormones for contractions

Distended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 components of birth (parturition) contractions

A
  1. Mechanical changes

2. Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does Progesterone change in uterus during pregnancy

A
  1. Myometrial relaxation

——I labor contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Progesterone antagonist is given when

A

When you want to induce labor and contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does Progesterone change in uterus during parturition

A

Desensitization of Progesterone Receptors (not lower P levels)
= increased Estrogen Receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does Estrogen change in uterus during parturition

A

Estrogen Receptors increase and HIGH response to estrogen
= increase contractions of myometrium + cervical dilation
= increase oxytocin Receptors
= increase GAP junctions
Fetal membrane (placenta) makes more prostaglandins
Increase proteolytic enzymes in cervix - to relax it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does Prostaglandins change in uterus during parturition

A

Increase Contractions + stretch of cervix
INITIATE LABOR : PGF2a. PGF2 induce contractions at any stage
Potentiates oxytocin made contractions also
REGULATED : uterus stretch, estrogen, oxytocin = release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes oxytocin to be released

A
  1. ESTROGEN (80x—>200x) higher receptors when 36weeks—>labor

2. stretch in cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Uterus can only sense oxytocin when

A

After around week 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oxytocin does what

A

SM contraction is uterus

Increase PFG2a in Decidual tissue (part of placenta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ferguson Reflex

A

Estrogen (OVARY) stimulates oxytocin receptors (UTERUS)

  1. Cervix distention
  2. Oxytocin from (fetus and mom PP)
    - Stimulate uterus contractions
    - placenta to make PGF
  3. Prostaglandin = more contractions
  4. Stimulates PP to release oxytocin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Relaxin in parturition

A

Made by CL, placenta, an decidua (week 38-42)
FUNCTION : uterus relaxed during pregnancy
- softer and help dilate cervix *
- if elevated at week 30 = premature birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Relaxin at week 30

A

Premature birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mechanical change of uterus

A

It stretched to its limit : then causes Ferguson reflex + PGF
Twins have 19 day shorter gestation period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

INITIATION OF LABOR

A
  1. Placenta makes CRH (late preg and labor)
  2. More sensitive uterus to PGF and oxytocin = contractions
  3. Increases ACTH in fetus
    - >cortisol = more CRH from placenta
    - > estrogen from placenta = contractions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Braxton Hicks contractions

A

Weak and slow contractions periodically before labor
They become stronger during labor
+ shorten SM + stretch cervix (draw in up)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is fully dilated cervix

A

Drawn up just below the pelvic inlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 stages of labor

A
  1. Shortening cervix : longest time

2. Pushing baby out : less then 1hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is the placenta removed

A

Uterus contracts to detach it

Can cause bleeding and clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What H helps remove placenta

A

Oxytocin by constricting BVs in uterus

Nipple stimulation + synthetic oxytocin can be given to increase contractions of uterus

21
Q

Breast is superficial to

A

Pectoralis M

22
Q

Breast has what inside

A
  1. Adipose + CT
  2. Lobules inside lobes : glandular units
  3. Lactiferous ducts : collect milk from lobules
  4. Lactiferous sinus : where most ducts run next to each other before exiting nipple
23
Q

Alveolar epithelium in breasts

A

Luminal epithelial

Make and secrete milk, lining lumen of duct + alveoli

24
Q

Myoepithelial cells in breast

A

Around Luminal epithelial cells
REGULATED by Oxytocin ——> Contract
*moves milk from alveoli into the ducts

25
Q

Breast of birth

A

Almost all lactiferous ducts, not many alveoli

* like this until puberty

26
Q

Breast at puberty on

A

ESTROGEN ——> lactiferous ducts growth branches and the ends of the branches for alveoli
+ more fat

27
Q

Breasts during pregnancy

A

Bolbus terminal endbuds - where milk is made in alveoli

28
Q

Menstrual cycle and breasts

A

Mammillary glands exposed to estrogen and progesterone
= ductal-lobular -alveolar growth
= more fat and CT
——> increase breast volume, tenderness, involution if no pregnancy

29
Q

Breasts when pregnant

A 
Epithelial structures (ducts, lobules, alveoli ) GROW
CT + Adipose DECREASE
30
Q

3rd trimester and breasts

A

Parenchymal cell growth slows

Aveoli get distended + has early colostrum (due to prolactin)

31
Q

Lactating breasts

A

MANY alveoli
Not a lot of CT or fat
PROLACTIN + OXYTOCIN + DOPAMINE
*Low E and P, pulsatile prolactin made

32
Q

Prolactin and breasts

A

Milk production

33
Q

Dopamine and breasts

A

Inhibit production of milk

34
Q

Oxytocin and breasts

A

Ejection of milk

35
Q

Making milk : SECRETORY PATHWAY

A

Epithelial cells in aveoli make proteins in the Golgi——> secreted into lumen (milk proteins like acidic proteins, caysine)

36
Q

Making milk : Transcellular endocytosis and exocytosis PATHWAY

A

Endothelial cells take up other proteins made elsewhere like Ig bodies and endocytose and then exocytosis into lumen

37
Q

Making milk : Lipid PATHWAY

A

Milk fats moving into cell to lumen , diffusion

38
Q

Making milk : transcellular salt and water PATHWAY

A

Membrane transporters are on both sides on the epithelial cells

39
Q

Making milk : Paracellular PATHWAY

A

Movement of substances between cells

Immune cells, and other things

40
Q

Colostrum

A

First milk that is made in the milk
(Will change in composition over time)
HIGH in fats, Ig, sugar

41
Q

How is prolactin stimulated

A

Nipple stimulation

42
Q

When does prolactin increase

A

At the end of pregnancy

43
Q

Milk made in the cells are released due to what

A

Prolactin

And this is inhibited if no milk is being released or ejected, lower milk will be made

44
Q

Oxytocin stimulated

A 
Myoepithelial cells 
Nipple suck (sight, sound, smell of infant)——> CNS + PP ———> OXYTOCIN—> Myoepithelial cells
45
Q

Early lactation has what impact on the hypothalamus

A

——I GnRH to lower LH and FSH

= inhibit ovarian cycle , comes back after some weeks of nursing

46
Q

Prolactin pathway

A

Nipple suck—> hypothalamus release Dopamine inhibiting factor
= no Dopamine
= Lactotrophs are active + Prolactin activated milk production

47
Q

When is sucking nipple signal milk stopped

A
  1. Epithelial cells distended and atrophy apoptosis
    = rupture wall of alveoli
    = capillaries compress —> alveolar hypoxia (they die)
  2. Debris phagocyted
  3. Lobules decrease in size
  4. Involution (takes up to 3mos)
48
Q

What H. Plays biggest role to makes breast grow

A

Estrogen

GIGU Exam 2 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions