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GIGU Exam 2 > Development Of The Reproductive System > Flashcards

Development Of The Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Week 5 Indifferent Gonads

A

Primordial germ cells in epiblast migrate to yolk sac wall, after gastrulation and body folding
——> up the dorsal mesentery to the genital ridge

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2
Q

What enters and surrounds the primordial cells in the genital ridge

A

F : Follicle cels

M : Sertoli Cells

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3
Q

What duct runs in the mesoderm to join the urogenital sinus

A

The Mesonephric Duct

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4
Q

Kidneys and Gonads form form

A

Intermediate mesoderm

Both Mesonephric duct and paramesonephric duct

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5
Q

Mesonephric Duct (wolffian duct)

A

Part of kidney development

  1. Epididymis
  2. Vas Deferens
  3. Seminal Vesicle
  4. Ejaculatory Duct
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6
Q

Paramesonephric Duct (Müllerian duct)

A

Travels dorsal to open into ABD cavity

  1. Oviduct
  2. Uterus
  3. Upper vagina
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7
Q

Presence of SRY gene

A

Sex determining gene (also called TDF)
= male (Ychr)
Active on day 41-52
1. Express somatic support cells (pre-Sertoli cells)
2. Sertoli cells surround the primordial germ cells = seminiferous tubules
3. Intertubular cells (in mesoderm) differentiate into Leydig cells

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8
Q

Absence of SRY gene

A

Female development

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9
Q

What do the primordial cells become

A

Spermatogonia just before birth

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10
Q

How does the SRY gene transcribe ——> male features

A

SRY gene on Y chr ——> Sox9 protein in the Sertoli cells
——> transcribes AMH (anti-Müllerian H.)
= regression of mullerian paramesonephric duct

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11
Q

Degenerate paramesonephric duct remnants

A

Utricle, appendix, epididymis

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12
Q

Leydig cells in the mesoderm do what

A

Start releasing TESTOSTERONE form hGC signals from placenta

= activates the synthesis of Mesonephric ducts

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13
Q

What do Sertoli cells release

2 Hs.

A
  1. AMH = degeneration do paramesonephric duct

2. Androgen binding factor = spermatogonia ——> Spermatozoa (puberty)

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14
Q

What 2 things do fetal Leydig cells release

A

Week 8-12

  1. Testosterone (driven by hCG) =Mesonephric duct ——> vas defernes, epididymis, seminal vesicle
  2. 5 a-reductase : Testosterone——> Dihydrotestosterone
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15
Q

What does dihydroestosterone do

A
  1. Genital tubercle —> PENIS
  2. Genital swellings —> SCROTUM
  3. Urethral epithelium —> PROSTATE
    * drives the lengthening of genital tubercle + fusion of labioscrotal swellings to for scrotum
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16
Q

What do adult Leydig cells release

A

Androgens

  1. Initiation of spermatogenesis
  2. Brain Masculation
  3. Male sexual behavior
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17
Q

Vas deference has what on it and connects to what

Derived from

A

Has seminal vesicle on it
Runs into the prostate gland (from endoderm of UG sinus)
Derived from Mesonephric duct (intermediate mesoderm)

*Ns from ectoderm

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18
Q

When does the cloaca disappear from the urogenital sinus and rectum holes

A

When urorectal septum runs down to separate them

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19
Q

Endoderm tissue becomes

A

Prostate tissue

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20
Q

The glandular epithelial part of the male genital and the bulbourethral gland come from

A

Endoderm

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21
Q

Developing penis
Some remanent of cloaca on tip ——>
Under Side has some endoderm ——>
Roof top part ——>

A 
Glans plate (endoderm)
Urogenital plate (endoderm lines plate) - week early 7
Genital tubercle (covered by ectoderm)
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22
Q

Urogenital plate late week 7

A

Becomes urogenital groove in the middle that becomes the urethra

23
Q

When is urethral closed

A

Week 14

24
Q

Hypospadias

A

Most common birth defect of male

The urethra does not close all the way

25
Q

Epispadias

A

The urethra forms above the genital tubercle and so forms a open canal on top of the penis
Can also cause bladder to be unclosed and stuck out from ABD wall

26
Q

WNT-4 gene

A

PRO FEMALE gene ——> FOXL2 ——I Sox9
= suppress Sertoli and Leydig cells
= maintain female gonads

27
Q

Primordial cells of the female go where

A

To the genital ridge and ——> OOGONIA that proliferate ——> OOCYTES

28
Q

Support cells of the female

A

Somatic cells ——> follicle cells around the oocytes
They ——I meiosis 1 in oocytes
(No Sertoli = no AMH = paramesonephric duct stays)
(No Leydig cells = no testosterone = no Mesonephric duct)

29
Q

What do females continually transcribe throughout life

A

FOXL2 to ———I Sox9
=NO SERTOLI
= YES FOLLICLE

30
Q

When does the uterus fuse

A

Week 9-10

31
Q

How is the uterus developed

A

The paramesonephric ducts on each side fuse which forms the uterus and on top (dorsally) are the 2 uterine tubes unfused

32
Q

Didelphys

A 
Double uterus
The uterus (paramesonephric ducts) don’t fuse right or all the way
33
Q

Vagina forms from what

A

The lengthening of the solid sinuvaginal bulb (endoderm)

Eventually becoming a canal

34
Q

Vaginal agenesis

A

Failed sinovaginal bulb or canalizations of it

35
Q

Where is the sinovaginal bulb

A

Right under the uterus

36
Q

The phallic segment (developing female genital) becomes three parts
(Under the genital tubercle, endoderm)
(Remnants of cloaca on tip)
(Top part, ectoderm)

A
  1. urogenital plate
  2. Glans Plate
  3. Genital Tubercle
37
Q

Reason there is no fusion of the labiosacral swellings that are lateral to the urogenital plate and groove

A

No testosterone = no dihydrotestosterone = no lengthening of genital tubercle + no fusion of the labialscrotum swellings

38
Q

What do the urogenital folds that fuse become

A

The labial minora

39
Q

The unfused labioscrotal swellings become

A

The labial majora

40
Q

Gentian tubercle forms the

A

Glands clitoris

41
Q

Outside of the paramesonephric ducts that have fused

A

Forms a mesentery that is of peritoneum so lower urogenital ridge is in the pelvic cavity

42
Q

When the uterus and oviduct are completes formation the remaining tissue does what
What is the function of this

A

Thins and forms the double fold peritoneum = Mesentery

= supports broad lig, mesovarian, and mesosalphinx

43
Q

Superior gubernaculum forms

A

Round ligament of Ovarian lig

From ovary to uterus

44
Q

Inferior gubernaclum forms

A

The round ligament of the uterus

Connects uterus to labia majora

45
Q

stromal cells of males and females

A 
Males = Leydig cells
Female = thecal cells
46
Q

DSD Disorders of Sex Development

A

Genotype sex is masked by the phenotype of the person , which resembles opposite sex (anatomical differences happen)

47
Q

46 XY male DSD

A

Testis with female phenotype
X TESTOSTERONE
(NO 17 B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-3 = no testosterone)
X Androgen sensitive (testosterone is made only can’t be seen)
X 5 a reductase = no dihydrotestosterone
Mutated AMH or AMHR

48
Q

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

A

MaleDSD
X Androgen Receptors
X-linked recessive
YES : testis, high testosterone, short vagina, AMH
NO : spermaptogenesis, uterus, uterine tubes
Puberty = testosterone—> estradiol —> female secondary features (breast, wide hips)+amenorrhea
* increase risk of gonadal tumor

49
Q

X 5 a-reductase

A

Male DSD
46 XY
YES : normal testis, normal duct system, AMH, testosterone
NO : external male genitalia
Can have some external female features
*no lengthening of penis, fusion of scrotum

50
Q

Female DSD

Features and most common cause

A

46XX
YES : ovaries, excess androgens
NO :
Masculine external genitalia, can have labial fusion
* MOST COMMON CAUSE = congenital adrenal hyperplasia (X21-hydroxylase)

51
Q

Week what : Indifferent embryo

A

Week 1-6

52
Q

Week what : sexual differentiation begins

A

Week 7

53
Q

Week what : female and male genitalia can be recognized

A

Week 12

54
Q

Week what : Phenotypic differentiation is complete

A

Week 20

GIGU Exam 2 (13 decks)

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