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GIGU Exam 2 > Development Of The Reproductive System > Flashcards

Development Of The Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Week 5 Indifferent Gonads

A

Primordial germ cells in epiblast migrate to yolk sac wall, after gastrulation and body folding
——> up the dorsal mesentery to the genital ridge

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2
Q

What enters and surrounds the primordial cells in the genital ridge

A

F : Follicle cels

M : Sertoli Cells

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3
Q

What duct runs in the mesoderm to join the urogenital sinus

A

The Mesonephric Duct

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4
Q

Kidneys and Gonads form form

A

Intermediate mesoderm

Both Mesonephric duct and paramesonephric duct

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5
Q

Mesonephric Duct (wolffian duct)

A

Part of kidney development

  1. Epididymis
  2. Vas Deferens
  3. Seminal Vesicle
  4. Ejaculatory Duct
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6
Q

Paramesonephric Duct (Müllerian duct)

A

Travels dorsal to open into ABD cavity

  1. Oviduct
  2. Uterus
  3. Upper vagina
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7
Q

Presence of SRY gene

A

Sex determining gene (also called TDF)
= male (Ychr)
Active on day 41-52
1. Express somatic support cells (pre-Sertoli cells)
2. Sertoli cells surround the primordial germ cells = seminiferous tubules
3. Intertubular cells (in mesoderm) differentiate into Leydig cells

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8
Q

Absence of SRY gene

A

Female development

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9
Q

What do the primordial cells become

A

Spermatogonia just before birth

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10
Q

How does the SRY gene transcribe ——> male features

A

SRY gene on Y chr ——> Sox9 protein in the Sertoli cells
——> transcribes AMH (anti-Müllerian H.)
= regression of mullerian paramesonephric duct

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11
Q

Degenerate paramesonephric duct remnants

A

Utricle, appendix, epididymis

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12
Q

Leydig cells in the mesoderm do what

A

Start releasing TESTOSTERONE form hGC signals from placenta

= activates the synthesis of Mesonephric ducts

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13
Q

What do Sertoli cells release

2 Hs.

A
  1. AMH = degeneration do paramesonephric duct

2. Androgen binding factor = spermatogonia ——> Spermatozoa (puberty)

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14
Q

What 2 things do fetal Leydig cells release

A

Week 8-12

  1. Testosterone (driven by hCG) =Mesonephric duct ——> vas defernes, epididymis, seminal vesicle
  2. 5 a-reductase : Testosterone——> Dihydrotestosterone
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15
Q

What does dihydroestosterone do

A
  1. Genital tubercle —> PENIS
  2. Genital swellings —> SCROTUM
  3. Urethral epithelium —> PROSTATE
    * drives the lengthening of genital tubercle + fusion of labioscrotal swellings to for scrotum
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16
Q

What do adult Leydig cells release

A

Androgens

  1. Initiation of spermatogenesis
  2. Brain Masculation
  3. Male sexual behavior
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17
Q

Vas deference has what on it and connects to what

Derived from

A

Has seminal vesicle on it
Runs into the prostate gland (from endoderm of UG sinus)
Derived from Mesonephric duct (intermediate mesoderm)

*Ns from ectoderm

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18
Q

When does the cloaca disappear from the urogenital sinus and rectum holes

A

When urorectal septum runs down to separate them

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19
Q

Endoderm tissue becomes

A

Prostate tissue

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20
Q

The glandular epithelial part of the male genital and the bulbourethral gland come from

A

Endoderm

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21
Q

Developing penis
Some remanent of cloaca on tip ——>
Under Side has some endoderm ——>
Roof top part ——>

A 
Glans plate (endoderm)
Urogenital plate (endoderm lines plate) - week early 7
Genital tubercle (covered by ectoderm)
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22
Q

Urogenital plate late week 7

A

Becomes urogenital groove in the middle that becomes the urethra

23
Q

When is urethral closed

24
Q

Hypospadias

A

Most common birth defect of male

The urethra does not close all the way

25
Epispadias
The urethra forms above the genital tubercle and so forms a open canal on top of the penis Can also cause bladder to be unclosed and stuck out from ABD wall
26
WNT-4 gene
PRO FEMALE gene ——> FOXL2 ——I Sox9 = suppress Sertoli and Leydig cells = maintain female gonads
27
Primordial cells of the female go where
To the genital ridge and ——> OOGONIA that proliferate ——> OOCYTES
28
Support cells of the female
Somatic cells ——> follicle cells around the oocytes They ——I meiosis 1 in oocytes (No Sertoli = no AMH = paramesonephric duct stays) (No Leydig cells = no testosterone = no Mesonephric duct)
29
What do females continually transcribe throughout life
FOXL2 to ———I Sox9 =NO SERTOLI = YES FOLLICLE
30
When does the uterus fuse
Week 9-10
31
How is the uterus developed
The paramesonephric ducts on each side fuse which forms the uterus and on top (dorsally) are the 2 uterine tubes unfused
32
Didelphys
``` Double uterus The uterus (paramesonephric ducts) don’t fuse right or all the way ```
33
Vagina forms from what
The lengthening of the solid sinuvaginal bulb (endoderm) | Eventually becoming a canal
34
Vaginal agenesis
Failed sinovaginal bulb or canalizations of it
35
Where is the sinovaginal bulb
Right under the uterus
36
The phallic segment (developing female genital) becomes three parts (Under the genital tubercle, endoderm) (Remnants of cloaca on tip) (Top part, ectoderm)
1. urogenital plate 2. Glans Plate 3. Genital Tubercle
37
Reason there is no fusion of the labiosacral swellings that are lateral to the urogenital plate and groove
No testosterone = no dihydrotestosterone = no lengthening of genital tubercle + no fusion of the labialscrotum swellings
38
What do the urogenital folds that fuse become
The labial minora
39
The unfused labioscrotal swellings become
The labial majora
40
Gentian tubercle forms the
Glands clitoris
41
Outside of the paramesonephric ducts that have fused
Forms a mesentery that is of peritoneum so lower urogenital ridge is in the pelvic cavity
42
When the uterus and oviduct are completes formation the remaining tissue does what What is the function of this
Thins and forms the double fold peritoneum = Mesentery | = supports broad lig, mesovarian, and mesosalphinx
43
Superior gubernaculum forms
Round ligament of Ovarian lig | From ovary to uterus
44
Inferior gubernaclum forms
The round ligament of the uterus | Connects uterus to labia majora
45
stromal cells of males and females
``` Males = Leydig cells Female = thecal cells ```
46
DSD Disorders of Sex Development
Genotype sex is masked by the phenotype of the person , which resembles opposite sex (anatomical differences happen)
47
46 XY male DSD
Testis with female phenotype X TESTOSTERONE (NO 17 B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-3 = no testosterone) X Androgen sensitive (testosterone is made only can’t be seen) X 5 a reductase = no dihydrotestosterone Mutated AMH or AMHR
48
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
MaleDSD X Androgen Receptors X-linked recessive YES : testis, high testosterone, short vagina, AMH NO : spermaptogenesis, uterus, uterine tubes Puberty = testosterone—> estradiol —> female secondary features (breast, wide hips)+amenorrhea * increase risk of gonadal tumor
49
X 5 a-reductase
Male DSD 46 XY YES : normal testis, normal duct system, AMH, testosterone NO : external male genitalia Can have some external female features *no lengthening of penis, fusion of scrotum
50
Female DSD | Features and most common cause
46XX YES : ovaries, excess androgens NO : Masculine external genitalia, can have labial fusion * MOST COMMON CAUSE = congenital adrenal hyperplasia (X21-hydroxylase)
51
Week what : Indifferent embryo
Week 1-6
52
Week what : sexual differentiation begins
Week 7
53
Week what : female and male genitalia can be recognized
Week 12
54
Week what : Phenotypic differentiation is complete
Week 20

GIGU Exam 2 (13 decks)

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