Pituitary Physiology Flashcards
what is in the cavernous sinus
cranial nerves (3,4,5,6) and the internal carotid artery
what tissues does lactin act on
mammary glands
what pituitary hormones act on non endocrine tissues directly
growth hormone and prolactin
ADH and oxytocin
what carries anterior pituitary hormones
blood stream
what carries posterior pituitary hormones
neurones
what is vasopressin
ADH
what is the response from the hypothalamus in response to cold exposure
released thyrotropin releasing hormone - acts on anterior pituitary - releases thyrotropin - acts on thyroid - release thyroxine
what organs does testosterone act on
muscle bone libido penis hair follicles
what organs does estrogen and progesterone act on
bone
fat (peripheral)
vagina
heart and liver
what hormone from the pituitary acts on the ovaries to make them secrete estrogen and progesterone
FSH
what hormone from the pituitary acts on the testes to make them secrete testosterone
LH
what hormone stimulates the pituitary to release LH and FSH
gonadotrophin releasing hormone
what stimulates the pituitary gland to produce ACTH
corticotrophin releasing hormone
what is released from the posterior pituitary
OXT, ADH
what does ACTH stimulate the production of
cortisol
what does TRH stimulate the production of
TSH
what does GnRH stimulate the production of
LH/FSH
what does GHRH stimulate the production of
GH
what does dopamine inhibit the production of
PRL
what does CRH stimulate the production of
ACTH
what does TSH stimulate the production of
thyroxine
what does LH/FSH stimulate the production of
E2/testosterone
what is the peripheral ‘paired hormone’ for GH
IGF-1
what can a tumour in the pituitary gland locally compress
structures in the cavernous sinus (cranial nerves, carotid artery)
cranial nerves
optic chiasma
sphenoid sinus
what test should be used if there is too much of a hormone
a suppression test- try and suppress the hormone thats in excess
what test should be done if there is too little of a hormone
test to stimulate the production of the hormone (see if it is produced in normal way)
name 3 dynamic pituitary stimulation tests
synacthen (should raise cortisol)
insulin stress test/ prolonged glucagon test (cortisol and GH should be raised)
water deprivation tests (ADH should be stimulated, urine should increase in concentration)
