Buzzwords and Drugs Flashcards
what drugs increase prolactin- cause gynacomastiae
metoclopramide (+ all dopamine agonists)
chlorpromazine oestrogens
what drugs cause hyperthyroidism
iodine
amiodarone
what drugs cause hypothyroidism
lithium
amiodarone
what drugs cause inappropriate ADH secretion
chlorpropamide
what drugs cause hypoandrenalism
ketoconazole
metyrapone
aminoglutethimide
what drugs cause ovarian and testicular failure
chemo
what drugs mimic thyrotoxicosis or phaeochromocytoma
sympathomimetics
amphetamines
what drugs cause increased mineralocorticoid activity
liquorice
carbenoxolone
what drugs cause hypokalaemia
purgatives
what drugs cause secondary hypoaldosteronism
ACE I
what drugs bind to TBG- decrease total T4
anti convulsants
what drugs raise TBG and CBG- increasing total T4/cortisol
oestrogens
what drugs cause cushings
steroids
what drugs cause diabetes
steroids
what drugs cause hypercalaemia
vit D preparations
milk and alkali preparations
what drugs cause hypogylcaemia
insulin
sulfonylureas
Catecholamines in urine, headaches, hypertension and palpitations
phaeochromocytoma
Tanned skin without being on holiday
addisons
spade hands, increased shoe size, wedding ring doesnt fit
acromegaly
Signs of hyperthyroidism plus eye changes, gritty eyes, smooth velvety skin
graves
Moon face, proximal weakness, stretch marks, buffalo hump, abdo fat
cushings
Ketones on breath (sweet smelling/pear drop breath)
DKA
Deep, laboured breathing (kussmaul breathing)
metabolic acidosis (especially DKA)
orphan annie nuclei
papillary thryoid cancer
Bone pain, stones, abdo pain, psychiatric problems (bones, stones, groans, moans)
hypercalcaemia- hyperparathyroidism
Psammoma bodiea
are found in papillary thyroid carcinomas
butterfly rash
SLE
heat intolerance/ palpitations
hyperthyroidism
cold intolerance/ weight gain
hypothyroidism
ansomnia and isolated GnRH deficiency
kallmans syndrome
Trousseau sign, chovstek sign and QT prolongation (on ECG)
hypocalcaemia
what is the acute management of hypocalcaemia
IV calcium gluconate
Brachydactyly of 4th metacarpal
pseudohypoparathyroidism
what is kallmans syndrome
genetic isolated gonadotropin releasing hormone deficiency
often with ansomia and colour blindness
failure to start puberty/ fully complete it
a.k.a hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
what is a cranipharyngioma
Originates from rathke’s pouch between pituitary and 3rd ventricle floor
Rare, although most common childhood intracranial tumour, present with growth failure
how does a craniopharyngioma present (in adults)
amernorrhoea decreased libido DI hyperphagia sleep disturbance
what is robson mendenhall syndrome
o Rare, autosomal recessive genetic trait, seen in children
o Severe insulin resistance (decreased protein synthesis, glucose uptake, lipogenesis, glycogen synthesis)
o Developmental abnormalities (head, face and nails), acanthosis nigricans, fasting hypoglycaemia, post prandial hyperglycaemia
o Diabetic ketoacidosis
what inheritance is MODY
AD
is MODY insulin dependent
no
what causes MODY
caused by mutations in autosomal dominant gene disrupting insulin production
“Monogenic diabetes” – genetic defects of beta-cell function
what type of diabetes is MODY
type 2
what is LADA
latent autoimmune diabetes of adults
o High blood sugar, low c peptide and raised antibodies
o Insulin treatment needed
what is gestational diabetes
o Hyperglycaemia during pregnancy (especially during their third trimester)
o Insulin receptors don’t function properly so more glucose does to the baby
what are the complications and treatments for gestational diabetes
o Neonate can develop hypoglycaemia (mother has hyperglycaemia, and the baby becomes used to high levels of sugar, therefore increased insulin production by baby’s pancreas)
o 1st line treatment is insulin
can also have big baby
how do thyroid hormones affect the nervous system
increase responsiveness to adrenaline and sympathetic NS
o Increase force and rate of heart contraction
o why beta blockers are prescribed for control of sympathomimetic symptoms
what can cause hypercalcaemia
primary hyperparathyroidism
malignancy
granulomatous disease (sarcoid, TB)
what can cause hypocalcaemia
hypoparathyroidism
what are the signs of hypocalcaemia (and treatment)
Muscle cramps
Chvostek’s sign
Trosseau’s sign
o Treat with calcium supplements
what is the waist to hip ratio of central obesity
> 0.9 in men
>0.85 in females
what does distal neuropathy feel like
warm dry feet
dilated vessels and diminished ability to sweat
what can cause optic atrophy
compression by a pituitary tumour
why must insulin be given IV
as deactivated by GI enzymes
what are the insulin sick day rules
dont stop insulin (stress hormones make BG rise)
what will a thryoid isotope scan show in thyroid cancer
a cold area
what are the BG levels for impaired fasting glucose
6.1-7
what are the BG levels for impaired glucose tolerance
7.8-11
what is a carcinoid tumour
slow growing neuroendocrine tumour found in mid gut to iluem and the respiratory tract
what are the clinical features of a carcinoid tumour
flushing, diarrhoea, abdo cramps, dizziness, peripheral oedema, tricuspid stenosis
what is the treatment for a carcinoid tumour
somatostatin analogues
octreotide
lancreotide
