Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrinology > Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland (and ovaries) > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland (and ovaries) Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the thyroid gland

A

2 lateral lobes (right and left) and an isthmus (a narrow connecting band)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do the lobes of the thyroid attach to

A

lateral aspects of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages and to the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is the isthmus

A

lies anterior to the 2nd and 3rd cartilages of the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a goitre

A

an enlarged gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what happens to a lump in the thyroid when you swallow

A

will move superiorly and then inferior with the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the adams apple

A

laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where are the parathyroid glands

A

on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland’s lateral lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what glands make up the parathyroid glands

A

4 glands- superior and inferior on both sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the pyramidal lobe

A

extension of the thyroid glandular tissue- can extend as far superiorly as the hyoid bone but most attach superiorly to the thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where does the thyroid gland begin its development

A

as a midline epithelial proliferation at the tongue (foramen caecum in adults)

(at junction between anterior 2/3rds and posterior 1/3rd)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the migratory path of the thyroid gland

A

inferiorly whilst remaining attached to the tongue via the thyroglossal duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when does the thyroid reach its final position

A

7th week of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where can thyroglossal duct cysts or ectopic thyroid tissue be found

A

anywhere in thyroid or along migratory path

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a platysma

A

a skeletal muscle in the superficial fascia

is a muscle of facial expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the cranial nerve supply of the platysma muscles

A

cranial nerve VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does paravertebral deep fascia contain

A

postural neck muscles

cervical vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the investing fascia contain

A

encloses all other neck fascia
compartments enclose:
-trapezius
-sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where are the carotid sheaths and what do they contain

A 
located anterolaterally either side of the thyroid gland
contain:
-vagus nerves
-deep cervical lymph nodes 
-carotid arteries
-internal jugular vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where is the pretracheal fascia and what does it contain

A 
located anteriorly 
contains:
-oesophagus
-trachea
-thyroid gland
-strap muscles 
-recurrent laryngeal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the danger zone

A

area behind retopharyngeal space that extends down to the diaphragm- can allow infection to spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what nerve supplies the SCM and trapezius

A

spinal accessory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where does the trapezius attach inferiorly

A

spine of the scapula and the lateral end of the clavicle

23
Q

what does the external jugular vein run within

A

the superficial fascia

24
Q

what does the external jugular vein drain into

A

subclavian vein then into the brachiocephalic vein

25
Q

what does the anterior jugular vein run within

A

superficial fascia

26
Q

what does the anterior jugular vein drain into

A

external jugular vein

27
Q

where does the sternal head of the SCM attach to

A

manubrium of the sternum

28
Q

where does the clavicular head of the SCM attach to

A

medial end of the clavicle

29
Q

where do both heads of the SCM attach to proximally

A

mastoid process of the temporal bone

30
Q

what are the carotid sheath made of

A

deep fascia

31
Q

where do the carotid sheath attach to

A

superiorly- base of the skull (around jugular foramen and the entrance to carotid canal)

inferiorly- mediastinal fascia

32
Q

what is the blood supply of the thyroid and parathyroid glands

A

superior thyroid artery
from external carotid artery
from common carotid artery

inferior thyroid artery
from right subclavian artery

thyroid ima artery
from brachocephalic artery

33
Q

what is the venous drainage of the thyroid and parathyroid glands

A

superior and middle thyroid vein- go into internal jugular veins

inferior thyroid veins- go into brachiocephalic veins

34
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the thyroid and parathyroid glands

A

superior deep cervical lymph nodes

inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

on right- right lymphatic duct to right venous angle

on left- thoracic duct to the left venous angle

tracheal lymph nodes- comprised of pretracheal (front) and paratracheal (side) nodes

35
Q

how does the vagus nerve travel in the neck

A

branches from the medulla oblongata

exit the skull via the jugular foramen

descend through in the carotid sheath

36
Q

how does the vagus nerve travel in the thorax

A

descends through the chest:
right side- lateral to trachea
left- left side of aortic arch

both- posterior to the lung hilum and on the oesophagus

37
Q

how does the vagus nerve travel in the abdomen

A

both vagus nerves pass through the diaphragm with the oesophagus

then divide into their terminal branches on the surface of the stomach

supply the abdominal organs with parasympathetic axons to the distal midgut

38
Q

what is the paths of the recurrent laryngeal nerves

A

left- recurs under the arch of the aorta

right- recurs under the subclavian artery

39
Q

where are the recurrent laryngeal nerves in the neck

A

between trachea and oesophagus

40
Q

what are the strap muscles

A

infrahyoid muscles

  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyrohyoid
  • omohyoid
41
Q

what do the infrahyoid muscles do

A

position hyoid bone, swallowing, movement of the larynx, depressing the hyoid

42
Q

what does the fascial sling of the omohyoid do

A

attaches the intermediate tendon of the omohyoid to the clavicle

43
Q

what are the surgical approaches to the thyroid gland

A
  • classical thyroidectomy
  • endoscopy assisted thyroidectomy
  • endoscopy trans-axillary approach
  • endoscopy trans-breast approach
44
Q

describe a classical thyroidectomy incision

A

a collar incision is made with natural skin crease/ within langers lines

incision superior to clavicles and jugular notch

incision is made through skin and platysema

45
Q

what might be at risk in a thyroidectomy incision

A 
anterior jugular veins 
right sternohyoid 
pretracheal fascia 
inferior thyroid veins 
vagus nerve 
right subclavian artery
right recurrent laryngeal nerve
46
Q

describe the process of a classical thyroidectomy

A

right carotid sheath structures retracted laterally

mobilise the thyroid lobes anteriorly to dissect the parathyroid glands and their blood supplies free from the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

thyroid isthmus sectioned and retracted laterally

47
Q

what does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve supply

A

provides motor supply to most of the skeletal muscles that move the right vocal chord (intrinsic muscle of the larynx)

48
Q

what does recurrent nerve injury result in

A

paralysis of the vocal chord

49
Q

what does unilateral recurrent nerve injury result in

A

hoarseness or weakness of the voice and a weak cough

50
Q

what does bilateral recurrent nerve injury cause

A

aphonia (inability to produce sound)
inability close the rima glottidis and prevent aspiration
inability to produce good cough (requires closure of rima glottidis)

51
Q

what is the rima glottidis

A

opening between vocal chords

52
Q

what nerve crosses the posterior triangle of the neck

A

accessory nerve

53
Q

what do the ovaries secrete

A

oestrogen and progesterone

54
Q

what is the blood supply to the ovaries

A

vascular anastomosis= ovarian artery (from aorta) + unterine atery (from internal iliac)

Endocrinology (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions