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Endocrine > Pituitary physiology > Flashcards

Pituitary physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What cranial nerves surround the pituitary gland?

A

Cavernous sinus - 3rd, 4th, V1 and 2 and 6th cranial nerves

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2
Q

What is the steroid axis?

A

CRT released from hypothalamus acts on ant pit to release ACTH which acts on adrenal cortex to release cortisol

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3
Q

What is the thyroid axis?

A

TRH released from hypothalamus which acts on the ant pit to release TSH which acts on the thyroid gland to release thyroxine

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4
Q

What is the GH axis?

A

GHRH acts on ant pit to release GH
Growth hormone acts directly on the liver to stimulate the release of somatostatin which acts on bone, muscle and other tissues

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5
Q

What is the prolactin axis?

A

Dopamine inhibits release of prolactin

Prolactin acts directly on mammary glands

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6
Q

What is the FSH and LH axis?

A

GnRH is released from hypothalamus which acts on at pituitary to release FSH and LH.
Act on testes in males to release testosterone and inhibin
Act on ovaries in females to release oestrogen, progesteron and inhibin

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7
Q

What is the MSH axis?

A

Acts on melanocytes

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8
Q

What is the oyxtocin axis?

A

Act on smooth muscle in ductus deferens and prostate gland in males
Acts on uterine smooth muscle and mammary glands in females

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9
Q

What is the ADH axis?

A

Acts on kidneys

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10
Q

What end organs does testosterone act on?

A 
Muscle
Bone
Libido
Penis
Hair follicles
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11
Q

What end organs does oestrogen and progesterone act on?

A 
Bone
Peripheral fat
Vagina
Heart 
Liver
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12
Q

What structures surround the pituitary gland?

A 
Optic chiasm
Cranial nerves 3,4 and 6 
Internal carotid artery
Cavernous sinus
3rd brain ventricle
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13
Q

What dynamic test is required if there is too much hormone?

A

Suppression test

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14
Q

What dynamic test is required if there is too little hormone?

A

Stimulation test

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15
Q

What is the synacthen stimulation test?

A

Give synthatic ACTH to look for cortisol release - a rise up to 500 signifies cushings

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16
Q

What does the insulin stress test measure?

A

Cortisol and GH respond every 30 mins for 2-3 hours
Normal cortisol is >500
Normal GH is >7

17
Q

What is the water deprivation test?

A

Check serum and urine osmolalities for 8h, and then 4h after giving IM desmopressin
If Ur/serum Osmol ration is >2 then it is normal, otherwise diabetes insipidus

Endocrine (35 decks)

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