Neck Lumps Flashcards
What are the borders of the anterior triangle?
Bounded by mandible superiorly
Midline medially
Anterior border is SCM laterally
Base is clavicle
What are the borders of the posterior triangle?
Posterior border is SCM anteriorly
Anterior border is trapezius laterally
Clavicle inferiorly
What can cause a midline swelling?
Thyroid
Thyroglossal cyst
Dermoid cyst
What questions should be asked about a midline swelling?
Dose it move on swallowing
Does it move on sticking out the tongue
What can cause anterior triangle swellings?
Lymph nodes
Brachial cyst
Salivary glands
Carotid body tumours
What can cause posterior triangle swellings?
Lymph nodes
Cystic hygroma
What should you examine in a neck lump examination?
Position Size Shape Mobility Consistency Associated lymphadenopathy
What can cause cervical lymphadenopathy?
Infective
Malignant
Haematological - leukaemia/ lymphoma
What should you look for in cervical lymphadenopathy?
Other nodes
Primary sites
Herpatosplenomegaly
What inverstigations should be done in the work up of cervical lymphadenopathy?
CXR
ENT
FNA
What is the presentation of a thyroglossal cyst?
Contains lymphatics which may become infected
Moves with the tongue
Presents in teenage years
What is a demaoid cyst?
Rare congenital cyst
Usually presents in teenage years
Soft, nonfluctuant
What is a branchial cyst?
Persisting second brachial arch
Arises in upper part of ant. triangle
Presents in teenage years
What will be seen on FNA of a branchial cyst?
Cholesterol crystals
When will a cystic hygroma present?
1st year
What is a cystic hygroma?
Pressure symptoms
Lymph filled
Transilluminate
What will cause a submandibular swelling?
Stone
Pleomorphic
What will cause a parotid swelling?
Infective
Pleomorphic adenoma
Stone
What should be taken in a history of a solitary thyroid nodule?
FH of thyroid carcinoma
Previous neck irradiation
What should be examined in a solitary thyroid nodule?
Patient hoarse - RLN invasion
Presence of lymphadenopathy
What should the investigations be in STN?
TSH
USS
FNA
What is the bethseda system of FNA?
Thy 1 = inadequate
Thy 2 = benign
Thy 3 = suspicious
Thy 4/5 = malignant
What are the different types of differentiated thyroid cancers?
Papillary
Minimally invasive follicular
Follicular
