Anatomy of the thyroid gland Flashcards
What is the thyroid gland made up of?
2 lateral lobes and an isthmus
Where do the lobes of the thyroid gland attach?
To the lateral aspects of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages as well as the trachea
What level does the isthmus lie?
Anteriot to the 2nd and 3rd cartilages of the trachea
What is an enlarged thryoid gland called?
Goitre which will move superiorly then inferiorly during swallowing
Where are the parathyroid glands found?
On the posteiror surfaces of the thyroid gland’s lateral lobes
When does the thyroid gland reach its final position in utero?
In the 7th week of developement
Where is the platsyma muscle found?
Immediately deep to the skin within the superficial fascia of the neck
What nerve supplies the platysma muscles?
Facial nerve as it is a muscle of facial expression
What is included within the prevertebral fascia of the neck?
Posteirorly encloses the postural neck muscles and the cervical vertebrae
What is included within the investing fascia of the neck?
Encloses the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
What is included within the carotid sheaths?
Vagus nerve
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Carotid arteries
Internal jugular vein
What is included within the pretracheal fascia?
Oesophagus Trachea Thyroid gland Strap muscles Recurrent laryngeal nerves
What muscles does the spinal accessory nerve supply?
SCM and trapezius
What are the attachements of the trapezius?
Inferiorly to the spine of the scapula and laterally to the clavicle
Where does the external jugular vein run and drain?
Within the superficial fascia and drains into the subclavian vein
Where does the anterior jugular vein run and drain?
Within the superficial fascia and drains into the external jugular vein
Where does the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid attach and insert?
Attaches to the manubrium of the sternum and insets onto the mastoid process of the temporal bone
Where does the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid attach and insert?
Attaches to the medial end of the clavicle and also inserts onto the mastoid process of the temporal bone
Where does the carotid sheath attach?
Superiorly to the base of the skull around the jugular foramen
What is the contents of the jugular foramen?
Internal jugular artery
Cranial nerves 9,10 and 11
What supplies the thyroid and parathyroid glands?
Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Where does the the superior thyroid artery branch off of?
External carotid artery
Where does the inferior thyroid artery branch off of?
The subclavian artery
Where does the thyroid ima artery branch off of?
The braciocephalic trunk
What is the venous drainage of the thyroid and parathyroid glands?
Superior, middle and inferior veins
What makes up the left venous angle?
Internal jugular and subclavian vein
Where does the vagus nerve originate?
Medulla oblongata
What is the first branch of the vagus nerve?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve run?
Under the arch of the aorta
Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve run?
Under the subclavian artery
What are the 4 strap muscles?
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothryoid
Thyrohyoid
What attaches the intermediate tendon of the omohyoid to the clavice?
A fasical sling
What are the borders of the anterior triange of the neck?
Superiorly: inferior border of mandible
Laterally: sternal head of SCM
Medially: midline
What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?
Laterally: trapezius
Medially: clavicular head of the SCM
Roof: fascia
What is a classical thyriodectomy incision?
A collar insicion made in the direction of langers lines just superior to the clavicles and jugular notch
What occurs in a unilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Hoarseness or weakness of the voice
Weak cough
What occurs in a bilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Aphonia
Inability to close rima glottidis to prevent aspiration
Inability to cough
