Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine > Paediatric aspects of diabetes and endocrinology > Flashcards

Paediatric aspects of diabetes and endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

What are common signs of T1DM in children?

A

Drinking ++
Peeing +++
Bedwetting
Wt loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are symptoms of DKA in children?

A

Vomiting
Stomach pain
Sighing breathing
Pear drops on breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What immunological tests should be in suspection of T1DM?

A

GGAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase)
ICA (islet cell antibodies)
IAA (insulin antibodies)
IA2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is C peptide?

A

Will still be present in early diabetes

Connects the alpha and beta chains of insulin together and is a direct measure of insulin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a common history of diabetes?

A

Young boy vomiting at school
Bed wetting
Risk of dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is T1DM diagnosed?

A

FBG over 7

RBG over 11.1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is fluid carfeully managed in children presenting with DKA?

A

Fluid overload in DKA can lead to cerebral oedema = death

Insulin commences 1 hour after IV fluids stared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the targets of the childrens diabetes team?

A 
All children to attend specialised childrens diabetic clinic 
MDT team 
Normal growth and development 
Aim for HbA1c below 58 mmol/mol
Microvascular screening from age 12
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are early changes of vascular disease in children with T1DM?

A 
Microalbuminuria
CV autonomic neuropathy
Sensory nerve damage
Reinopathy
Cheiroarthropathy
Skin vascular changes
Vascular endothelial pathology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the insulin carb ratio?

A

1 unit of insulin = 10g of carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the insulin sensitivity factor?

A

How much your BG drops with a unit of insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is primary congenital thyroid disease?

A

Gland dysplastic +/- abnormal site (sublingual)

Inborn error of thyroid hormone metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is secondary/tertiary congenital thyroid disease?

A

Congenital pituitary disease

Usually associated with hypopituitarism (GH, ACTH, gonadotrophin deficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of congenital thyroid disease?

A

Delayed jaundice
Poor feeding but normal weight gain
Hypotonia (umbilical hernia, constipation)
Skin and hair changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What screening test is done on newborn babies?

A

Guthrie test on day 5 post birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the guthrie test screen for?

A

Sickle cell disease
CF
Congenital hypothyroidism
6 metabolic conditions

17
Q

Why will a fetus not be harmed by hypothyroidism?

A

Protected by placental thyroid hormones

18
Q

What will occur if hypothyroidism is not treated by 3 months?

A

Permanent developmental delay

19
Q

What is acquired thyroid disease in the young?

A

Delayed congenital
Post infectious
Autoimmune
Iodine deficiency

20
Q

In what other autoimmune conditions would you screen for thyroid disease of the young?

A

T1DM
Down syndrome
Coeliac disease

21
Q

What are the signs of hypothyroidism?

A 
Slow progress
Growth failure 
Poor general health
Educational difficulties
Goitre
Thyroid function tests (high TSH, low fT3/4) 
High thyroid cell antibody titres
22
Q

What is the treatment for hypothyroidism in the child?

A

Thyroxine replacement for life

Dose related to size of child

23
Q

What are the general symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A

Behaviour problems, sleep disturbance, eating difficulties
Goitre, high RH
Precocious puberty
Thyroid function tests (low TSH, high fT3/4)
High thyroid cell antibody titres

24
Q

What is the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

A

Beta blockade
Suppressant therapy: carbimazole +/- thyroxine
Radioiodine
Surgery

25
Q

What does the adrenal cortex produce?

A

Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Adrenal androgens

26
Q

What does the adrenal medulla produce?

A

Catecholamines

27
Q

What is primary adrenal disease?

A

Adrenal hypoplasia (absent/dysplastic/destroyed)
Inborn error of metabolism
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

28
Q

What is secondary adrenal disease?

A

Pituitary disease

Suppression secondary to steroid therapy

29
Q

What can cause an overproduction of steroids?

A 
High dose cortisol therapy
Cushing disease (primary adrenal or secondary pituitary)
30
Q

What can congenital adrenal hyperplasia lead to?

A

Hyperpigmentation of scrotum

Virilisation of female

31
Q

What lead to congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A

Defect in the enzyme 21-hydroxylase in the steroid hormone synthesis pathway in the adrenal gland which leads to a lack of aldosterone, cortisol and an excess of testosterone

32
Q

What is virilisation in males and females?

A

Female: ambigous genitalia
Male: precocious puberty

33
Q

What is an addison crisis?

A

Absent aldosterone and cortisol: hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and hypotension
Need to give salt and cortisol

34
Q

What can cause ambigous genitalia?

A

CAH or other steroid abnormalities
Gene or chormosomal abnormalities
Congenital defects

Endocrine (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions