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ERM > Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior pituitary lobe

A

Adenohypophysis

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2
Q

Posterior pituitary lobe

A

Neurohypophysis

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3
Q

3 Pathways that regulate pituitary gland

A
  1. Hypothalamic inputs
  2. Feedback effects of circulating hormones
  3. Paracrine/autocrine secretions of circulating hormones
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4
Q

CRH axis

A

CRH –> ACTH –> adrenal

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5
Q

GnRH axis

A

GnRH –> FSH/LH –> gonads

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6
Q

TRH axis

A

TRH –> TSH –> thyroid

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7
Q

GHRH axis

A

GHRH –> GH –> liver +

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8
Q

Dopamine axis

A

Dopamine –> PRL –> breast

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9
Q

How are hormones transported from Hypothalamus to anterior pituitary?

A

median eminence –> Portal blood of portal stalk

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10
Q

Hypothalamic releasing hormones

A

Stim release of stored pituitary hormones
Stim synth of pituitary hormones
Tiny
Short plasma half lives

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11
Q

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)

A

Stim synth & release of ACTH (corticotropin) from corticotroph cells (and POMC)
Half life 6-10 min and 40-50 min (biphasic)
Effects on ACTH potentiated by ADH & Angiotensin II

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12
Q

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

A

Stim synth & release of LH & FSH from gonadotroph cells
Half life 2-4 min

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13
Q

Dopamine

A

Inhibitory fx to dec prolactin synth & release from lactotroph cells

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14
Q

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)

A

Stim synth & release of TSH from thyrotroph cells
Half life 6 min
Also stim prolactin release at high []

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15
Q

Somatostatin (STT)

A

Inhib of GH synth & release from somatotroph cells
Also inhib TSH
Half life 2-3 min

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16
Q

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)

A

Stim secretion & release of growth hormone from somatotroph cells
Half life 3-7 min

17
Q

Ant Pituitary hormone general facts

A

Larger molecules
Made in troph cells
Systemic release

18
Q

Which of the main ant pituitary hormones does not stim peripheral hormone secretion?

A

PRL

19
Q

Dopamine

A

(-) by Dopamine

(+) by estrogen & TRH

20
Q

Hyperprolactinemia

A

Inhib gonadotropin secretion
Causes galatorrheaC
Can be caused by psych meds, nipple stim, prolactinomas, idiopathic

21
Q

GH regulation

A

GHRH (+)
SST (-)

Ghrelin (+)
B-ad antag (+)
A-ad ag (+)

22
Q

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1)

A

Synth/secreted by liver (& others) in response to GH
Mediates many GH effects
Binds to IGF-1R & insulin-R to stim mitogenic & growth effects

23
Q

Where does IGF-1 exert endocrine effects

A

Bone
Cartilage
Muscle

24
Q

SST secretion stim by:

A

GH (+)

IGF-1 (+)

25
Q

How does SST (-) on GH?

A

SST-R are Gi coupled on GPCR –> dec cAMP

26
Q

Ghrelin

A

Stim GH secretion directly & in synergy w GHRH

Fasting (+)

27
Q

What feedback loops monitor ghrelin?

A

Hypothalamus
Stomach
Liver

28
Q

GH secretion pattern

A

Pulsatile
GH levels difficult to interpret
2/3 of production during slow wave sleep (diurnal rhythm)

29
Q

GH effects on plasma glucose

A
  • Dec glucose uptake
  • Inc hep gluconeogenesis
  • Inc hep glycogenolysis
  • Dec insulin sensitivity
30
Q

GH effects on plasma FA

A
  • Inc adipose lipolysis

- Inc muscle B-ox of FA in muscle

31
Q

How does GH affect muscle and organs?

A

Promotes growth

  • Inc prot synth
  • Dec prot breakdown
32
Q

Mitogenic effects of GH & IGF-1 on SKM

A

GH (via IGF-!):
Inc prot synth from bone cells
Inc bone length (children)
Inc bone width

33
Q

Miscellaneous mitogenic effects of GH & IGF-1

A

Growth of visceral organs

Skin thickening

34
Q

Miscellaneous mitogenic effects of GH

A

Sweat gland hyperplasia
Hair growth
Plasma calcitriol

35
Q

Miscellaneous mitogenic effects of IGF-1

A

Hemoglobin/hematocrit action on bone marrow

Inc GFR

36
Q

Symtoms of GH Deficiency

A 
Ateleotic dwarf
Dec muscle mass
Thin hair
Thin skin
Dec counter regulatory to hypo-g
37
Q

Symptoms of GH excess

A 
Gigantism
Joint problems
Enlarged jaw/brow/handsds/feet
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly

ERM (27 decks)

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