Glycolysis

Question 1

Glut2

Answer 1

Constitutive
Liver cells
Beta cells

Question 2

Glut4

Answer 2

Regulated
SKM
Fat

Question 3

SGLT2

Answer 3

Saturable

Proximal Tubule

Question 4

NAD+ Shuttles (two of them)

Answer 4

Glycerol 3P Shuttle

Malate-Aspartate Shuttle

Question 5

Glucokinase/Hexokinase

Answer 5

Takes glucose –> G6P

Uses 1 ATP

Question 6

PFK-1

Answer 6

F6P –> F1,6 BP

Uses 1 ATP

Question 7

PK

Answer 7

(2) PEP –> (2) Pyruvate

Converts ADP –> ATP

Question 8

Net Production of Glycolysis

Answer 8

2 ATP

2 Pyruvate

Question 9

Additional mech to yield NAD+

Answer 9

Redux of Pyruvate to Lactate via LDH

Question 10

PDH cofactors

Answer 10

Thiamine & Pyrophosphate

Niacin, riboflavin, and other less important one

Question 11

Key TCA enzymes

Answer 11

Succinate DH

alpha-KG DH

Question 12

Key TCA substrates

Answer 12

Citrate
alpha-KG
Succinyl-CoA
OAA

Question 13

TCA substrates used in AA metab

Answer 13

alpha-KG
Succinyl-CoA
OAA

Question 14

TCA substrates used on ketogenesis and for FA synth

Answer 14

Citrate

Question 15

TCA substrate used in gluconeogenesis

Answer 15

OAA

Question 16

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 16

thiamine deficiency
ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, distrubance of mental state

Glucose can cause or worsen this

Question 17

Beriberi

Answer 17

Dry: polyneuropathy
Wet: heart failure

Question 18

Allosterically regulates PFK-1

Answer 18

F 2,6 BP (+)
AMP (+)

ATP (-)
Citrate (-)

Question 19

Allosterically regulates PK

Answer 19

ATP (-)

Alanine (-)

Question 20

F 2,6 BP

Answer 20

(+) on PFK-1
(-) on FBPase-1 (gluconeogenesis)

Regulated b PFK-2/FBPase-2

Question 21

PFK-2/FBPase-2 (PKA regulation)

Answer 21

PFK-2 off
FBPase-2 on
F 2,6 BP goes down
needs to be phosphorylated

Glycolysis decreases, gluconeogenesis inc

Question 22

PFK-2/FBPase-2 (AMPK regulation)

Answer 22

AMP (+) on AMPK
AMPK triggers ATP rxns
AMPK phosphorylates PRK-2/FBPase-2
PFK-2 on
FBPase-2 off
F 2,6 BP increase

Glycolysis inc, gluconeogenesis dec

Question 23

Glucokinase, PFK-1, PK in fasting liver

Answer 23

All 3 decrease

Dec insulin induction, dec F 2,6, BP, dec PK phosphorylation

Question 24

Glucokinase, PFK-1, PK in well-fed liver

Answer 24

All 3 inc

Inc inducation of insulin, inc F 2,6 BP, inc PK

Question 25

PDH regulation

Answer 25

ATP, NADH, and acetyl CoA exert (-) feedback

Question 26

Alpha-KG DH regulation

Answer 26

Succinyl CoA and NADH exert (-) feedback