Glycolysis Flashcards
Glut2
Constitutive
Liver cells
Beta cells
Glut4
Regulated
SKM
Fat
SGLT2
Saturable
Proximal Tubule
NAD+ Shuttles (two of them)
Glycerol 3P Shuttle
Malate-Aspartate Shuttle
Glucokinase/Hexokinase
Takes glucose –> G6P
Uses 1 ATP
PFK-1
F6P –> F1,6 BP
Uses 1 ATP
PK
(2) PEP –> (2) Pyruvate
Converts ADP –> ATP
Net Production of Glycolysis
2 ATP
2 Pyruvate
Additional mech to yield NAD+
Redux of Pyruvate to Lactate via LDH
PDH cofactors
Thiamine & Pyrophosphate
Niacin, riboflavin, and other less important one
Key TCA enzymes
Succinate DH
alpha-KG DH
Key TCA substrates
Citrate
alpha-KG
Succinyl-CoA
OAA
TCA substrates used in AA metab
alpha-KG
Succinyl-CoA
OAA
TCA substrates used on ketogenesis and for FA synth
Citrate
TCA substrate used in gluconeogenesis
OAA
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
thiamine deficiency
ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, distrubance of mental state
Glucose can cause or worsen this
Beriberi
Dry: polyneuropathy
Wet: heart failure
Allosterically regulates PFK-1
F 2,6 BP (+)
AMP (+)
ATP (-)
Citrate (-)
Allosterically regulates PK
ATP (-)
Alanine (-)
F 2,6 BP
(+) on PFK-1
(-) on FBPase-1 (gluconeogenesis)
Regulated b PFK-2/FBPase-2
PFK-2/FBPase-2 (PKA regulation)
PFK-2 off
FBPase-2 on
F 2,6 BP goes down
needs to be phosphorylated
Glycolysis decreases, gluconeogenesis inc
PFK-2/FBPase-2 (AMPK regulation)
AMP (+) on AMPK AMPK triggers ATP rxns AMPK phosphorylates PRK-2/FBPase-2 PFK-2 on FBPase-2 off F 2,6 BP increase
Glycolysis inc, gluconeogenesis dec
Glucokinase, PFK-1, PK in fasting liver
All 3 decrease
Dec insulin induction, dec F 2,6, BP, dec PK phosphorylation
Glucokinase, PFK-1, PK in well-fed liver
All 3 inc
Inc inducation of insulin, inc F 2,6 BP, inc PK
PDH regulation
ATP, NADH, and acetyl CoA exert (-) feedback
Alpha-KG DH regulation
Succinyl CoA and NADH exert (-) feedback
