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Clinical Chemistry > Pituitary > Flashcards

Pituitary Flashcards

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1
Q

Hypothalamus

A

part of the brain that stimulates tropin releasing hormones

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2
Q

Pituitary

A

anterior: synthesizes stimulating hormones
posterior: stores hormones from hypothalamus for release

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3
Q

TRH

A

thyrotropin-releasing hormone

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4
Q

CRH

A

corticotropin-releasing hormone

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5
Q

GnRH

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

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6
Q

ADH or AVP

A

vasopressin

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7
Q

Anterior pituitary cells & secretions

A 
lactotrophs- secrete prolactin
somatotrophs - secrete growth hormone
thyrotrophs - secrete thyroid stimulating hormone
corticotrophs - secrete ACTH
gonadotrophs - secrete LH & FSH
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8
Q

short feedback loop

A

hormone back to pituitary

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9
Q

long feedback loop

A

hormone back to hypothalamus

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10
Q

ultra short feedback

A

feedback between pituitary & hypothalamus

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11
Q

hormone secretions

A

pulsatile secretions - pulse frequencies
cyclic nature or diurnal variations of hormones : nervous system regulates through signals the circadian/ diurnal variations of hormones

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12
Q

trophic hormones

A

affect another endocrine gland

TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH

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13
Q

direct effector hormones

A

act directly on peripheral tissues

growth hormone & prolactin

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14
Q

Growth hormone general

A

‘somatotropin’ takes up 1/3 of pituitary space
average pulse interval : 2-3 hours
both anabolic & catabolic hormone

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15
Q

Growth hormone peak

A

occurs at onset of sleep in adults

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16
Q

Growth hormone & insulin

A

growth hormone is an antagonist of insulin

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17
Q

GH & liver metabolism

A

promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver & lipolysis for cell energy ( since insulin is inhibited)

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18
Q

what amplifies GH action ?

A

Insulin-like growth factor 1 or IGF-1

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19
Q

GH deficiency during childhood

A

dwarfism

20
Q

GH excess in childhood

A

gigantism

21
Q

GH excess in adults

A

acromegaly: hand & feet enlargement, glucose intolerance, hypermetabolic condition, accelerated atherosclerosis

22
Q

GH assay methods

A

assay for IGF1 &/or IGF-1 binding protein to assess GH levels
if liver tumor & cannot use IGF-1 –> test GHRH or L-arginine stimulation & measure GH using immunoassay

23
Q

FSH, LH, TSH similarities

A

all are glycoprotein hormones
share same alpha unit
beta unit is hormone specific

24
Q

FSH in females & males

A

females: follicle growth (estrogens)
males: produce sperm

25
Q

LH in females & males

A

females: stims corpus luteum development (progesterone)
males: produce testosterone

26
Q

TSH

A

stimulates thyroid gland to release T4 & T3

27
Q

ACTH

A

preadrenocorticotropic hormone formed as active hormone
stimulates adrenal cortex
regulated by CRH & cortisol feedback to hypothalamus

28
Q

precursor to ACTH

A

proopiomelancortin

29
Q

ACTH cyclic nature

A

high at 8 am & low at midnight

30
Q

Prolactin

A

direct effector hormone (similar to GH)
TRH & estrogens can stimulate prolactin release as well as stress, suckling, & exercise
function: effect lactation

31
Q

Prolactin inhibitor

A

Dopamine

32
Q

most common functional pituitary tumor

A

prolactin secreting tumor

33
Q

what tests should always be done in conjunction with testing for prolactin

A

thyroid panel to eliminate hypothyroid cause for symptoms

assess other pituitary hormones to see if they are functioning or not

34
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

stores oxytocin & vasopressin (ADH)

35
Q

Oxytocin

A

role in lactation, major role in labor & formation
affects pituitary, renal, cardiac, & immune function
can use synthetic oxytocin to induce labor (pitocin)

36
Q

ADH

A

peptide hormone that stimulates collecting tubes to increase reabsorption of water & regulates water balance
leads to concentration of urine solutes

37
Q

Insufficient ADH seen in :

A

diabetes insipidus - excess thirst & excess urine excretion

38
Q

Excess ADH seen in :

A

SIADH - syndrome of inappropriate ADH release

39
Q

how does ADH affect clotting

A

promotes factor VII release from liver & vWF release from endothelium cells

40
Q

Osmotic threshold for vasopressin

A

284 mOsm/kg

41
Q

vasopressin baroreceptors located?

A

carotid arteries, aortic arch & left atrium

42
Q

2 classes of hormones

A

steroids & proteins

steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, estrogens, androgens
proteins: insulin, TSH, LH, FSH

43
Q

steroid hormone chemical make up & cellular actions

A

chemical make up: cholesterol based

intracellular: interact directly with the DNA to promote cellular response
transport: bound to proteins

44
Q

protein hormone chemical make up & cellular action

A

chemical make up: peptide based

intracellular: protein binds to receptor, stimulates G prtoein & then stimulate cyclic AMP to cause response in cell
transport: free

45
Q

the highest concentration of ____ is found in the pituitary

  1. PRL
  2. FSH
  3. Oxytocin
  4. Growth hormone
A

growth hormone!

Clinical Chemistry (23 decks)

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