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Clin Med I > Pituitary > Flashcards

Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

which hormone stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones which regulate the body’s metabolism?

A

TSH

Thyroid stimulating hormone

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2
Q

which hormone increases production and release of cortisol by the adrenal glands in response to stress?

A

ACTH

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

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3
Q

which hormone causes bone and tissue growth, raises blood glucose, and controls balance of fat & muscle tissue in the body?

A

GH

Growth hormone

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4
Q

which hormone triggers ovulation and development of corpeus luteum in females and triggers Leydig cells to produce testosterone in males?

A

LH

Lutinizing hormone

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5
Q

which hormone stimulates growth of ovarian follicles in females and acts on Sertoli cells to stimulate sperm production in males?

A

FSH

Follicle stimulating hormone

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6
Q

which hormone controls breast developments and stimulates lactation in mammary glands?

A

Prolactin

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7
Q

which hormone stimulates uterine contractions in childbirth, milk letdown reflex, bonding with sexual activity and between mom/baby?

A

Oxytocin

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8
Q

which hormone causes reabsorption of free water and increases blood pressure by constricting arterioles?

A

ADH

Vasopressin

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9
Q

In primary disease, there is impaired function at the level of the ______

A

target endocrine gland

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10
Q

In secondary disease, there is impaired function at the level of the ______

A

pituitary

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11
Q

In tertiary disease, there is impaired function at the level of the ______

A

hypothalamus

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12
Q

What are 3 ways patient present clinically with pituitary adenomas?

A
  • syndromes related to hormone excess/deficiency
  • neurological manifestations secondary to mass effect
  • Incidental finding on imaging
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13
Q

Male pt presents with gynecomastia, impotence, ED, and infertility.
… Dx?

A

Prolactinoma

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14
Q

35 y/o female presents with oligomenorrhea, galactorrhea, decrease in libido, and infertility.
… Dx?

A

Prolactinoma

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15
Q

How would you treat a patient with prolactinoma?

What are your first and second line medications?

A
  • Dopamine agonists
  • 1st = Cabergoline
    2nd = Bromocriptine
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16
Q

Pt presents with increase in hand and foot size, and enlarged mandible, proximal weakness, and fatigue.

… Dx?

A

Acromegaly

excessive growth hormone

17
Q

What tests would you order if you suspected pt had acromegaly?

A
  • IGF-1 levels (insulin-like growth factor)
  • Oral glucose suppression test and GH level
  • MRI
18
Q

True or False: Serum GH would not be suppressed after a PO glucose intake in a patient with acromegaly

A

True

19
Q

Female pt presents with hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, labile mood, proximal muscle weakness, and changes in facial features.

… Dx?

A

Cushing’s Disease

20
Q

what are the most common neurologic Sx in patients with pituitary adenomas?

A

headaches and visual changes

21
Q

If a pituitary ademona is suspected, what imaging study would you order?

A

MRI with and without contrast

22
Q

Male patient presents with daily headaches, visual symptoms, and ED.

… Dx?

A

Craniopharyngioma

23
Q

What is the treatment for craniopharyngioma?

A
  • Aggressive surgical resection

- possible radiation therapy to treat residual disease

24
Q

What are the main causes of hypopituitarism?

A
  • compression due to tumors
  • inflammation
  • vascular damage
  • disease of the hypothalamus
25
Q

_____ is an infarction of the pituitary gland after severe postpartum hemorrhage

A

Sheehan Syndrome

26
Q

Pt presents with sudden onset of severe headache, diplopia, and acute development of hypopituitarism.

… Dx?

A

Pituitary Apoplexy

27
Q

At least one pituitary hormone deficiency develops in about 25-30% of survivors of _______ as well as 55% of survivors or _______

A
  • moderate to severe TBI

- aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

28
Q

Some degree of hypopituitarism (usually GH deficiency or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) occurs in one-third of ____ patients

A

ischemic stroke patients

29
Q

With empty sella syndrome, pt may have normal pituitary function. What can end up developing insidiously?

A

hypopituitarism

30
Q

Diabetes insipidus is caused by ____ secretion of ADH

A

decreased

31
Q

Which diabetes insipidus is caused by the posterior pituitary decreasing secretion of ADH?

A

Central DI

32
Q

Which diabetes insipidus is caused by the kidneys not being as sensitive to ADH

A

Nephrogenic DI

33
Q

What are the common signs of Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Polyuria, nocturia, polydipsia, dilute urine.

34
Q

Treatment for Central DI?

A
  • Low sodium and protein diet
  • Desmopressin
  • HCTZ
35
Q

Treatment for Nephrogenic DI?

A
  • Low sodium and protein diet
  • HCTZ
  • frequent bladder voiding

Clin Med I (21 decks)

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