Diagnostic Labs/Interpretations Flashcards
____ assesses proportion of true positives
Sensitivity
High Sensitivity = ___ chance of false negatives
LOWER chance of false negatives
If test is highly sensitive and test result is negative, then it is nearly certain that they [do/do not] have the disease
do NOT
____ assesses the proportion of true negatives.
Specificity
Low Specificity = __ chance of false positives
HIGHER chance of false positives
If test is highly specific and test result is positive, then it is nearly certain that they [do /do not] have the disease.
DO
WBC count can be increased in…
Inflammation
Bacterial infections
Leukemia
Use of some medications
What can cause a decrease in WBCs?
Viral infections
Chemotherapy
Bone marrow suppression
3 Types of granulocytes?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
What are granulocytes?
- Most numerous WBC
- They are active and motile, can congregate at site of infection rapidly
Toxic granulation is seen in ____ and _____.
Severe bacterial infections and burns
Hypersegmented granulocytes are seen in ____ and _____.
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folic acid deficiency
What is a left shift?
Increase in amount of immature granulocytes
>10% bands
What can cause neutrophilia?
- BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
- some viral: Smallpox, Chickenpox, Herpes Zoster, Polio
- Physiologic response to stress
- RA, gout
What can cause neutropenia?
- Viral infections
- Chemotherapy
- Lupus
- some bacterial: Typhoid, tularemia, brucellosis
What are lymphocytes
- 2nd most numerous WBC
- interacts with antigens
- made up of T cells and B cells
Where are lymphocytes densely located
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Mucosa of alimentary and respiratory tracts
When the amount of lymphocytes > amount of granulocytes, this is known as ___ and is consistent with ___
- inverted differential
- mono
What can cause lymphocytosis?
- Viral infections
- Hyperadrenalism, hyperthyroidism
- Chronic Inflammatory dz (ulcerative colitis, serum sickness, ITP)
- Some bacterial: Whooping cough, brucellosis
What can cause lymphocytopenia?
- Immunodeficiency/suppresion
- CHF, renal failure, advanced TB
- Adrenal Corticosteroid Exposure
Monocytes are precursors to _____
macrophages
Monocytosis can be caused by
- TB, endocarditis, hepatitis, syphillis
- Lupus, RA
- ulcerative colitis
___ serves as a carrier for O2 and CO2 transport
hemoglobin
What happens to Hct in dehydration?
Hct is increased
___ is increased in hemachromatosis, iron poisoning, or recent blood transfusion
Ferritin
___ are immature RBCs that can be used to determine bone marrow function
Reticulocytes
Reticulocytes are increased in ___, ___, ___.
- hemolytic anemia
- hemorrhage
- Tx for other anemias
Microcytic hypochromic anemia is most commonly caused by ___
iron deficiency anemia
Macrocytic anemias are commonly found in ___ and ___ deficiency
Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid
___ can be due to bone marrow suppression, heparin, or EDTA in tubes.
Thrombocytopenia
In hemolytic anemia, you would expect to see low RBCs, ___ potassium, ___ LDH, and ___ bilirubin.
- elevated K
- elevated LDH
- elevated bilirubin
