Diagnostic Labs/Interpretations

Question 1

____ assesses proportion of true positives

Answer 1

Sensitivity

Question 2

High Sensitivity = ___ chance of false negatives

Answer 2

LOWER chance of false negatives

Question 3

If test is highly sensitive and test result is negative, then it is nearly certain that they [do/do not] have the disease

Answer 3

do NOT

Question 4

____ assesses the proportion of true negatives.

Answer 4

Specificity

Question 5

Low Specificity = __ chance of false positives

Answer 5

HIGHER chance of false positives

Question 6

If test is highly specific and test result is positive, then it is nearly certain that they [do /do not] have the disease.

Answer 6

DO

Question 7

WBC count can be increased in…

Answer 7

Inflammation
Bacterial infections
Leukemia
Use of some medications

Question 8

What can cause a decrease in WBCs?

Answer 8

Viral infections
Chemotherapy
Bone marrow suppression

Question 9

3 Types of granulocytes?

Answer 9

• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• Basophils

Question 10

What are granulocytes?

Answer 10

• Most numerous WBC

- They are active and motile, can congregate at site of infection rapidly

Question 11

Toxic granulation is seen in ____ and _____.

Answer 11

Severe bacterial infections and burns

Question 12

Hypersegmented granulocytes are seen in ____ and _____.

Answer 12

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Folic acid deficiency

Question 13

What is a left shift?

Answer 13

Increase in amount of immature granulocytes

>10% bands

Question 14

What can cause neutrophilia?

Answer 14

• BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
• some viral: Smallpox, Chickenpox, Herpes Zoster, Polio
• Physiologic response to stress
• RA, gout

Question 15

What can cause neutropenia?

Answer 15

• Viral infections
• Chemotherapy
• Lupus
• some bacterial: Typhoid, tularemia, brucellosis

Question 16

What are lymphocytes

Answer 16

• 2nd most numerous WBC
• interacts with antigens
• made up of T cells and B cells

Question 17

Where are lymphocytes densely located

Answer 17

Spleen
Lymph nodes
Mucosa of alimentary and respiratory tracts

Question 18

When the amount of lymphocytes > amount of granulocytes, this is known as ___ and is consistent with ___

Answer 18

• inverted differential

- mono

Question 19

What can cause lymphocytosis?

Answer 19

• Viral infections
• Hyperadrenalism, hyperthyroidism
• Chronic Inflammatory dz (ulcerative colitis, serum sickness, ITP)
• Some bacterial: Whooping cough, brucellosis

Question 20

What can cause lymphocytopenia?

Answer 20

• Immunodeficiency/suppresion
• CHF, renal failure, advanced TB
• Adrenal Corticosteroid Exposure

Question 21

Monocytes are precursors to _____

Answer 21

macrophages

Question 22

Monocytosis can be caused by

Answer 22

• TB, endocarditis, hepatitis, syphillis
• Lupus, RA
• ulcerative colitis

Question 23

___ serves as a carrier for O2 and CO2 transport

Answer 23

hemoglobin

Question 24

What happens to Hct in dehydration?

Answer 24

Hct is increased

Question 25

___ is increased in hemachromatosis, iron poisoning, or recent blood transfusion

Answer 25

Ferritin

Question 26

___ are immature RBCs that can be used to determine bone marrow function

Answer 26

Reticulocytes

Question 27

Reticulocytes are increased in ___, ___, ___.

Answer 27

• hemolytic anemia
• hemorrhage
• Tx for other anemias

Question 28

Microcytic hypochromic anemia is most commonly caused by ___

Answer 28

iron deficiency anemia

Question 29

Macrocytic anemias are commonly found in ___ and ___ deficiency

Answer 29

Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid

Question 30

___ can be due to bone marrow suppression, heparin, or EDTA in tubes.

Answer 30

Thrombocytopenia

Question 31

In hemolytic anemia, you would expect to see low RBCs, ___ potassium, ___ LDH, and ___ bilirubin.

Answer 31

• elevated K
• elevated LDH
• elevated bilirubin