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Clin Med I > Head & Neck Labs / Neuro infections > Flashcards

Head & Neck Labs / Neuro infections Flashcards

Schoenwald lectures

1
Q

What is included in a CSF analysis?

A
  • color
  • cells
  • protein
  • glucose
  • graim stain/culture
  • syphilis testing
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2
Q

What does red CSF indicated

A

presence of blood = likely traumatic tap or SAH

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3
Q

What does xanthochromia indicate?

A

presence of blood = SAH

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4
Q

What does turbid CSF indicate?

A

increased WBC or protein

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5
Q

CSF with elevated WBC and elevated neutrophils indicates…

A

bacterial meningitis

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6
Q

CSF with elevated WBCs and lymphocytic cells indicates…

A

viral meningitis

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7
Q

CSF with elevated protein levels could indicate…

A
  • bacterial meningitis
  • viral encephalitits
  • can be mildly elevated in MS
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8
Q

CSF with low level of glucose indicates…

A

bacteria or tumor present

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9
Q

CSF cultures:

____ is gram positive cocci in chains and has a higher mortality rate

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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10
Q

CSF cultures:

____ is gram negative diplococci and is commonly seen among adolescents and college students

A

Neisseria meningitides

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11
Q

CSF cultures:

____ are gram negatives rods, commonly seen in 1-4 y/o

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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12
Q

What is contained in a cell wall and is a potent inducer of cytokines associated with fever and septic shock?

A

Lipopolysaccharides

gram negative

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13
Q

True or False: Viral meningitis is more lethal than bacterial

A

FALSE

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14
Q

The finding of oligoclonal banding in CSF is highly suspicious for ___

A

multiple sclerosis

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15
Q

What are common tests to order to try to find reversible cause of dementia?

A
  • CBC (anemia, infection, thrombocytopenia)
  • CMP (glu, BUN/Crt, electrolytes)
  • UA (UTI)
  • Vitamin B12
  • Folate
  • RPR
  • TSH
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16
Q

potential complications from untreated strep throat?

A
  • rheumatic fever
  • PTA
  • post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
17
Q

common Tx for influenza?

A
  • Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
  • Baloxavir (Zofluza)
  • Zanamivir (Relenza)
18
Q

Epstein Barr Virus is transmissible through what

A

respiratory, saliva

19
Q

Where is pt with mono (EBV) likely to have lymphadenopathy?

A

posterior cervical chain

20
Q

____ is treating with Abx covering for organisms that could cause infection as you wait for culture results to return

A

Empiric Tx

21
Q

What type of rash can be associated with meningitis?

A

petechial rash

22
Q

Who is at risk for meningitis?

A
  • Newborns/babies
  • college campus/military barracks
  • underlying medical conditions
  • working in a meningitis lab
  • travel to sub-saharan Africa & Haaj
23
Q

Which bacteria is commonly passed from mother to child during birth and can cause meningitis?

  • how is this prevented?
A

Group B Strep (beta-hemolytic)

  • screening during week 35-37 of pregnancy
24
Q

Who is most at risk for meningitis secondary to H. influenzae?

A
  • <4 y/o
  • unvaccinated
  • Hx of splenectomy
25
Q

What should someone do if they are in contact with someone with Hib meningitis?

A

Prophylactic Tx with Rifampin

26
Q

What should someone do if they are in contact with someone with meningitis caused by N. meningitides?

A

Prophylactic Tx with Ciprofloxacin

27
Q

Who is most at risk for meningitis caused by Strep pneumoniae?

A
  • age >50

- Hx of splenectomy (need immunization against strep pneumo)

28
Q

What should someone do if they are in contact with someone with meningitis caused by Strep pneumoniae?

A

Nothing (no prohylaxis Tx since mode of transmission less risky – not resp droplets)

29
Q

What groups are high risk for Listeria monocytogenes meningitis?

A
  • pregnant women
  • elderly
  • pts with comorbidities/weakened immunities
30
Q

What Abx is used to treat Listeria monocytogenes meningitis

A

Ampicillin

31
Q

What foods have high risk for listeria monocytogenes

A
  • soft cheeses
  • unpasteurized milk
  • contamination at food plants
32
Q

True or False: Aseptic meningitis has similar symptoms to bacterial but is shorter lasting

A

FALSE - Aseptic meningitis is longer lasting

33
Q

True or False: Aseptic meningitis is less likely to be life threatening

A

True

34
Q

West nile Virus is _____ borne and includes what symptoms

A
  • mosquito borne

- fever, neck stiffness, diffuse MP rash
may even be asymptomatic

35
Q

Pt presents with GAS strep throat but has a beta-lactam allergy. What would you treat with?

A
  • azithromycin, clindamycin, clarithromycin

macrolides and lincosamide - clinda

Clin Med I (21 decks)

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