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Clin Med I > Ophthomology > Flashcards

Ophthomology Flashcards

1
Q

All 6 EOM attach to the ___ and orginate at the ___.

A
  • sclera

- common tendinous ring (except superior oblique - sphenoid)

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2
Q

What is the name of the dilator muscle of the pupil?

Is it part of the SNS or PSNS?

A
  • dilator pupillae

- SNS

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3
Q

What is the name of the constrictor muscle of the pupil? Is it part of the SNS or PSNS?

A
  • sphincter pupillae

- PSNS, CN3

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4
Q

Excessive dilation of the pupil is called ____. Excessive constriction is called _____.

A
  • mydriasis

- miosis

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5
Q

Aqueous humor is produced in the ____ and reabsorbed by ____ in the canal of ____.

A
  • ciliary body
  • trabeculae
  • Schlemm
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6
Q

Cones are responsible for ____ & ____ vision, while Rods are responsible for ____ & _____ vision.

A
  • Cones: central & colored

- Rods: night & peripheral

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7
Q

True or False: There are more cones than rods.

A

FALSE

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8
Q

____ is near the center of the retina and contains millions of tightly packed cones.

A

Macula

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9
Q

____ is the center of the macula and is rod-free.

A

Fovea

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10
Q

The Cup:Disc ratio should not exceed ___.

A

0.5 or 1:2

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11
Q

Inward turning of the eyelid is known as ___.

A

Entropion

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12
Q

Outward turning of the eyelid is known as ___.

A

Ectropion

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13
Q

___ is the acute inflammation of the lacrimal sac.

A

Dacryoadenitis

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14
Q

___ is an infection of the lacrimal sac, usually d/t congenital or acquired obstruction of the nasolacrimal system.

A

Dacryocystitis

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15
Q

Tearing or excessive water in the eye is known as ___.

A

Epiphora

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16
Q

Central retina artery occlusion presentation

A
  • optic disc pallor
  • cherry red fovea
  • constricted arterioles (boxcar segmented)
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17
Q

Central retina artery occlusion treatment

A
  • call ophtho
  • Attempt to dislodge (ballotment, hemodilution, rebreathe CO2)
  • reduce IOP (acetazolamide or beta blockers)
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18
Q

Central retina vein occlusion presentation

A
  • retinal hemorrhage
  • cotton wool spots
  • dilated tortuous retinal veins
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19
Q

Central retina vein occlusion treatment

A
  • call ophtho
  • hemodilution
  • manage HTN
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20
Q

Retinal detachment presentation

A
  • “curtain pulling down”

- abnormal light reflex

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21
Q

Retinal detachment treatment

A

call optho for surgical repair

know onset time

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22
Q
  • hazy reddish vision
  • red debris floating
  • obscured retina and optic disc

…Diagnosis?

A

Vitreous hemorrhage

23
Q

Vitreous hemorrhage treatment

A
  • stop thinners
  • sleep upright, no strenuous activities
  • continue to reexamine for inc bleeding
24
Q
  • proptosis, chemosis, recent infection
  • decreased EOMs, absent pupillary reflex

…Diagnosis?

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

25
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis treatment

A
  • broad spectrum abx (rocephin, vanco, nafcillin)

- consider steroid and anticoags

26
Q

What deficiencies can cause destruction of the optic nerve

A

Vit B1, Vit B12, copper

27
Q
  • mid-dilated, fixed pupil
  • IOP >40 mmHg
  • photophobia, halos, HA
    …Diagnosis?
A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

28
Q

Acute angle closure glaucoma treatment

A
  • IV analgesics & antiemetics
  • constrict pupils
  • shift aqueous fluid
  • decrease Aq humor production
29
Q
  • tunnel vision
  • bilat increased IOP >21
  • cupping of optic disc

…Diagnosis?

A

Open angle glaucoma

30
Q

Open angle glaucoma treatment

A
  • decrease Aq Humor

- Increase Aq outflow

31
Q
  • ciliary flush, small irregular pupils
  • floating debris in anterior chamber
  • eye redness, photophobia, blurry vision

…Diagnosis?

A

Uveitis

32
Q

Uveitis treatment

A
  • ophtho in 24 hours
  • cyclopegics
  • steroid if optho requests
33
Q
  • central loss of vision
  • pain with EOM
  • red desaturation test, optic disc edema

…Diagnosis?

A

optic neuritis

34
Q

optic neuritis treatment

A

steroids, if optho recommends

35
Q

optic neuritis may be the first presentation of ___ in up to 65% of patients

A

MS

36
Q

orbital blowout fracture treatment

A
  • if <50% displaced with no entrapment = no surgical intervention
  • if >50% displaced, surgical intervention
  • analgesics
  • Augmentin if open Fx
37
Q
  • decreased EOM, periorbital ecchymosis/edema, facial bone crepitus
  • diplopia
  • Hx trauma

…Diagnosis?

A

orbital blowout fracture

38
Q
  • Hx trauma
  • Seidel’s sign on fluoro stain

…Diagnosis?

A

ruptured globe

39
Q
  • blood in anterior chamber
  • decreased vision with pain

…Diagnosis?

A

Hyphema

40
Q

Hyphema Tx

A
  • Optho in 2-3 days if less than 1/3 and normal IOP
  • reduce Aq humor prod (dec IOP)
  • d/c thinners and nsaid
41
Q

With fluorescein staining, a dendritic appearance is indicative of ____

A

corneal ulceration secondary to HSV

42
Q

periorbital cellulitis Tx vs. orbital cellulitis Tx

A
  • peri = Augmentin or Clinda

- orbital = Broad spectrum Abx

43
Q
  • decreased vision, systemically ill
  • hypopyon, chemosis, absent red reflex

…Diagnosis?

A

Endophthalmitis

44
Q

Endophthalmitis Tx

A
  • emergent ophtho consult - possible paracentesis

- Broad spectrum Abx

45
Q

Anterior vs Posterior blepharitis

A
  • Anterior = greasy scales (remove with wash cloth and shampoo)
  • Posterior = dry flakes and inflamed Meibomian glands (can express)
46
Q

Stye Tx

A
  • warm compress
  • wash QID
  • bacitracin or erythromycin
47
Q

conjunctivitis Tx

A
  • COLD compress

- DO NOT patch

48
Q
  • gradual blurry vision, excess glare, fixed spots
  • whitish lens

…Diagnosis?

A

cataracts

49
Q
  • retinal hemorrhage and edema
  • venous dilation
  • exudates on fundoscopy

…Diagnosis?

A

Diabetic retinopathy

50
Q
  • AV nicking, tortuous arterioles
  • cotton wool spot

…Diagnosis?

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

51
Q
  • loss of central vision
  • atrophy/degeneration of outer retina

…Diagnosis?

A

Dry macular degeneration

52
Q
  • loss of central vision
  • new vessels, fluid accumulation, hemorrhage

…Diagnosis?

A

Wet macular degeneration

53
Q

____ is when an eye deviates inward when covered and resumes straight ahead position. ____ is when the eye deviates outward

A
  • Esophoria

- Exophoria

54
Q
  • central loss of vision
  • dyschromatopsia

…Dx?

A

optic neuritis

Clin Med I (21 decks)

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