Movement Disorders/Failure to Thrive Flashcards

Paulson Lectures

1
Q

____ tremor (AKA ___ tremor) occurs when the body is supported and at rest, and often improves with movement

A

Resting / Parkinson’s

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2
Q

____ tremor is seen with the body part held against gravity

A

postural

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3
Q

____ tremor is seen with voluntary movement of the limb

A

kinetic

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4
Q

____ tremor is worse during goal-directed movement

A

intention

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5
Q

____ tremor occurs during muscle contraction against stationary objects

A

isometric

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6
Q

____ tremor is a postural tremor usually involving writing or drinking from a cup, is exacerbated by emotional stress, and can be improved with alcohol

A

Essential

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7
Q

___ tremor is manifested as intention tremor and is tested with finger-to-nose test and heel-to-shin test

A

Cerebellar

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8
Q

___ tremor occurs in the legs/trunk immediately after standing and is often treated with Klonopin

A

Orthostatic

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9
Q

____ are rapid, involuntary, non-repetitive, dance-like movements involving the face, trunk, and limbs

A

Chorea

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10
Q

In PD, dopamine is decreased and ____ is increased, causing overstimulation of skeletal muscles.

A

acetylcholine

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11
Q

___ is used for pts with mild, early Parkinson Disease. Side effect include, skin mottling, orthostatic hypotension, edema, confusion

A

Amantadine

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12
Q

_______ is only helpful for treating tremors and drooling. The side effects often outweigh the benefits

A

Anticholinergic medication

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13
Q

Side effects of anticholinergic meds include

A
  • confusion
  • vision changes, mydriasis
  • flushed skin, hyperthermia
  • tachycardia
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14
Q

____ is the most effective medication for PD, but the body gets used to it over time and requires incremental increase in dosage

A

Levadopa

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15
Q

Side effects of Levadopa include:

A
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • dyskinesias
  • peripheral edema
  • dizziness
  • hallucinations, abnormal dreams
  • nausea, constipation
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16
Q

Dopamine agonists, such as ___ and ____, directly stimulate dopamine receptors and are an alternative to Levadopa.

A
  • Mirapex

- Requip

17
Q

Which second generation antipsychotic poses the highest risk of tardive dyskinesia?

… & lowest risk?

A
  • high risk = Risperidone (Risperdal)

- low risk = Clozapine (Clozaril)

18
Q

Which antiemetics have been found to cause tardive dykinesia if used chronically

A

Reglan, Compazine, Phenergan

19
Q

Pt presents with bradykinesia, rigidity, and pill rolling tremor.
…Dx?

A

Parkinson’s disease

20
Q

In ALS, lower motor neuron involvement leads to:

A
  • weakness
  • atrophy
  • fasciculation
21
Q

In ALS, upper motor neuron involvement leads to:

A
  • hyperreflexia, spasticity
22
Q

___ is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dysfunction at the neuromuscular joint, causing weakness and fatigability

A

Myasthenia Gravis

23
Q

___ is involuntary obscene speech

A

Coprolalia

24
Q

___ is repetition of others’ speech

A

Echolalia

25
Q

___ is repetition of words of phrases

A

Palilalia

26
Q

What is the clinical diagnostic criteria for Tourettes

A

multiple motor tics and at least 1 phonic tic must be present at some point during illness

27
Q

Pt presents with uncomfortable urge to move their legs.

What could be a probable cause of this syndrome?

A
  • Iron deficiency anemia
28
Q

Pt presents with uncomfortable urge to move their legs.

How would you Tx?

A
  • iron replacement in IDA
  • avoid sleep deprivation
  • avoid antidepressants, sedating antihistamines, antiemetics
  • Mirapex / Requip (dopamine agonists)
29
Q

Pt presents with chorea, psychiatric disturbance, and dementia.

… Tx?

A
  • PT/OT/home care
  • ST/dietitian
  • Tetrabenzine
  • or Zyprexa
30
Q

___ is a syndrome of weight loss, decreased appetite, and poor nutrition, and inactivity accompanied with dehydration, depression, and impaired immune function

A

Failure to thrive

31
Q

Patient is considered frail if they have 3 or more of what symptoms?

A
  • weight loss
  • exhaustion
  • weakness (decreased grip strength)
  • slow walking speed
  • decreased physical activity
32
Q

_____ is a catabolic state often associated with anorexia, weight loss, and insulin resistance

A

Cachexia

33
Q

____ is loss of muscle mass that occurs with agiing

A

Sarcopenia

34
Q

Tx for frailty

A
  • Exercise
  • calorie and protein support
  • vit D supplements
  • reduce # of meds
35
Q

In patient with failure to thrive, how would you Tx depression?

A

Miratazapine (Remeron) - can increase appetite and weight gain

36
Q

What tests would you do to determine if pt has Myasthenia Gravis?

A
  • Ice bag test (Ptosis improves)

- Edrophonium/Tensilon Test = edrophonium would improve Sx