Pilgrimage of Grace/Aske rebellion Flashcards
What year was the Pilgrimage of Grace?
1536
What is another name for The Pilgrimage of Grace?
Aske Rebellion
Why is the Pilgrimage of Grace’s title important?
It showed there was a peaceful element to the rebellion, it was something nice, something religious. They were trying to gain support by using the term.
What was the main reason for the rebellion?
Religious with some political factors too
Causes: What did people think was in danger?
Their souls. They believed in Purgatory
What was the rebel’s banner?
The Five Wounds of Christ
What was the Five Woulds of Christ on their banner a symbol of?
Showing that the purpose of their rebellion was to bring back the old faith
Causes:What was there resentment over?
Over the changes in the church and the dissolution of the monasteries because of their communal worth and economic advantage
What did the closure of the monasteries do to the North?
Cast a looming shadow over the welfare of the North spiritually, economically and socially
What did the rebels call for?
End to the draining of the church’s wealth, the renunciation of henry’s Royal Supremacy and the rehabilitation of the catholic mary tudor
Economic cause: What were unpolular?
The new taxation was unpopular so was the new subsidy
Economic factors: What were there complaints about?
Entry fines, that being tax on how much land you owned
Also the enclosure of land without consent
Political: what did they feel excluded from?
Court.
Why didn’t they like Cromwell?
They thought Henry was being unwillingly pushed toward Protestantism by Thomas Cromwell
Who were being excluded from court?
Lord John Hussey and Lord Thomas Darcy
What was the date of the Lincolnshire rising?
1-11 October 1536
What was the date of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
8th October to the 8th December 1536
What was the date of the Cumberland rising?
February 1537
What did Aske and the pilgrim leadership condemn?
The Cumberland and Bigod risings. Claiming they had nothing to do with them.
What did the Cumberland and Bigod risings allow Norfolk and Henry to do?
Strengthen their forces and act ruthlessly in putting down the risings
Why was the Lincolnshire rising dangerous?
It was more than just a disturbance by the common people, it was led and perhaps organised by the landowning gentry
Who were the landowning gentry? And why could the Crown no longer rely on them?
They were the people that the Crown usually turned to for support in putting down a rebellion, but this time they were taking part!
Within a few days of the Lincolnshire rising how many people had joined?
30,000 - 35,000
Where did the rebels in the lincolnshire rising mainly come from?
Louth and Horncastle
In what way did the people of the Lincolnshire rising gather?
They gathered as though it was an official muster for the king
What horrified the king about the lincolnshire rising?
The fact and the sheer size of the rebellion
Who did henry send north during the lincolnshire rising and with how many men?
He sent the Duke of Suffolk north with 8000 men
What did henry let be known during the Lincolnshire rising?
That he was prepared to hear the rebels’ complaints. But the king had no real intention of meeting the rebels’ demands
Why didn’t the rebels destroy Duke of suffolk’s army?
Because they didn’t want to fight. They could have easily destroyed the 8000 men but they trusted henry and thought he would understand their worries!
Who was Robert Aske?
A Yorkshire lawyer
Why was Aske a good leader?
He was an able lawyer with experience of London and was an influential member of an important Yorkshire family
What did Aske provide the rebels with?
A clear sense purpose: to persuade the King to abandon his attacks on the church, to stop any further monastic closures and the return of England to Rome
What did Aske insist the rebels do?
Take an oath so as to prevent treachery
What did Aske assume about Henry?
That he was a caring monarch who had been misled by his wicked councillors especially Thomas Cromwell
Although the rebels didn’t want to fight, and believed that they wouldn’t have to, what were they prepared to do?
They were prepared to resist if they must
What turned the POG into a potentially threatening uprising?
Aske’s efficient arrangement of his men in army formations. HIS MILITARY EXPERIENCE
What did the rebels do in Pontefract?
On the 21st of October they laid siege to Pontefract Castle (Most important fortress in North)
Who surrendered in Pontefract?
The 80 year old Lord Thomas Darcy surrendered his castle and joined the pilgrims
Who opposed the 35,000 well armed and horsed rebels?
2 armies led by Earl of Shrewsbury and the Duke of Norfolk. Less than 10,000 men
How many men did Norfolk and Earl of Shrewsbury’s army have?
Less than 10,000
Fortunately for Henry, what did Aske cling to?
He clung to the hope that conflict could be avoided and that the king might settle for a negotiated peace.
Who did Aske meet with on 27th October 1536?
Norfolk- in order to discuss terms.
What did Norfolk convince Aske and the pilgrim leaders of on 27th October 1536?
That Henry was grateful for opening his eyes to what was going on, and that he would seriously consider their demands.
-Henry however had no intention of meeting the rebels demands.
How did Henry VIII wisely play for time?
By delaying his response, which allowed him to gather a big enough army to crush anyone who rebelled again
When did Henry VIII feel strong enough to strike?
May 1537
What did Henry feel strong enough to do in May 1537?
Strike at the rebels. And he arrested the Pilgrim leaders. Darcy, Aske and some 15 other Pilgrim leaders were tried, found guilty of treason and were horribly executed.
Name three demand of the 24 Articles
- End dissolution of the monasteries
- Repeal entry fines
- Reversal of the religious changes that had taken place
