Pigmentation Flashcards
Melasma
- Main Features
More common in females and Fitzpatrick score of 3 or 4 (tan easiest) and patients using UVR
Presents bilateral on sun exposed areas (primarily face)
Melasma
- Pharmacological
Hydroquinone
Niacinamide
Ascorbic Acid
Azelaic Acid
Kojic Acid
Tranexamic Acid
Chemical Peels, Microneedling, Laser
Melasma
- Non-Pharmacological
Photoprotection (SPF30 or higher with VL protection)
- Sun exposure can trigger development and worsen Melasma
- Overstimulate melasma
Visible light (especially blue light)
PIH
- Main Features
More common in Fitzpatrick 3 or greater, but, can impact anyone
- Partial or total lose of pigment
Causes:
- Cutaneous inflammation (Dermatitis, acne vulgaris, cellulitis, tinea versicolour)
- Cutaneous injury
- Cutaneou procedure
PIH
- Pharmacological
Topical Corticosteroids
- Reduce inflammation, help accelerate re-pigmentation
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors
- Reduce inflammation, help accelerate re-pigmentation
- Can be used on more sensitive areas
Topical Antifungals
- Used for tinea versicolour infection
- Topical can take weeks to months (Ketoconazole 2%)
- Oral can be used for short duration or pulse dosing (Itraconazole, Fluconazole)
PIH
- Non-Pharmacological
Self-limiting, will resolve on its own
Vitiligo
- Main Features
Autoimmune condition that targets melanocytes and destroys them
- Impacts both men and women
- Can affect any race
- More common in those with family history or auto-immune disease
- More common in ages between 10 and 30
- Higher likelihood in sun exposed or high touch areas
Vitiligo
- Pharmacological
Topical Corticosteroids
- Use with phototherapy
- Reduces inflammation to help re-pigmentation
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors
- Use with phototherapy
- Reduces inflammation to help re-pigmentation
- Can use on more sensitive areas
Topical Jak-Kinase Inhibitors
Systemic Steroids
Methotrexate
Depigmentation Therapy
Vitiligo
- Non-Pharmacological
Phototheerapy
- Induces re-pigmentation
