Opthalmology Flashcards
Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye
- Types
Type 1: Sjogren
Type 2: Non-Sjogren
Sjogren Syndrome
- Who it effects
- What it is
Children
- Damage to cells involved in tear production
Non-Sjogren Syndrome
- Who it effects
- What it is
Adults
- Obstruction or Deficiency in tear glands
Evaporative Dry Disease
- Types
Internal
- Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
- Intrinsic (Decreased blinking)
External
- Environmental Factors
Dry Eye
- Symptoms
- Stinging, Scratchy
- Burning
- Redness
- Fluctuating vision
Dry Eye
- Non-Pharm Treatment
- Warm compress
- Humidifier
- Decrease screen time
Dry Eye
- Pharm Treatment
- Artificial Tear Drop / Non-Pharm
- Short Term Corticosteroids / Long term Restasis / Cequa / Xiidra
Artificial Tears
- Preservatives
Preservatives can irritate the eyes if frequently used
Artificial Tears
- Viscosity
Gel and Ointment = Higher viscosity = Longer acting
- Used at night, can disrupt vision
Artificial Tears
- Emollients
For patients with meibomian gland dysfunction
- Softens tissues and prevents cracking
Loteprednol
- Adverse Effect
- Length of Therapy
- Benefit Time
A/E: Blurred vision, Burning, Photophobia
Length: 14-28 days
Benefit should be seen in a week
Restasis
- Adverse Effect
- Length of Therapy
- Benefit Time
A/E: Burning
Length: Lifelong therapy
Expect benefit in 12 weeks
Cequa
- Adverse Effect
- Length of Therapy
- Benefit Time
A/E: Burning
Length: Lifelong
Expect benefit in 12 weeks
Xiidra
- Adverse Effect
- Length of Therapy
- Benefit Time
A/E: Burning, Blurred Vision, Altered taste
Length: Lifelong
Expect benefit in 12 weeks (Can be as early as 2 weeks)
Olopatadine
- Adverse Effect
- Length of Therapy
- Benefit Time
A/E: Eye irritation if used for too long
Length: PRN
Benefit Time: Within a day
Bacterial vs Viral Conjunctivitis
Both involve no itch
Bacterial: Yellow discharge, no history of cold
- Treat with antibacterial
Viral: Water eyes, history of cold
- Symptom management
Which resolves on its own
- Bacterial / VIral Conjunctivitis
Both will resolve on their own
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
- Treatment Length vs Without
With treatment: 7 - 10 days
Without treatment: 14 days
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
- What to avoid
Fusidic Acid
- Resistance develops quickly
- Educate patient to see optometrist if symptoms do not improve in 1-2 days
Viral Conjunctivitis
- Treatment
- Cool compress and Artificial Tears
- Corticosteroids
- Lasts 14-21 days
- Betadine for severe cases
Keratitis
- Referral
Refer if foreign body sensation, sensitive to light or if painful
Follow Up
Dry Eye stuff can vary depending on drops used
- 2-4 weeks mostly
- Some can be 12 weeks
Everything else can be followed up 2-3 days after initiation
Corneal Abrasion
- Artificial Tears
- Antibiotic or Antibiotic + Corticosteroid
- Heals over time
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Redness with no pain and no photophobia
Resolves in 2 weeks
