PHYSIOLOGY: physical Activity

Question 1

Cardio respiratory control centres are found ?

Answer 1

Medulla oblongata

Question 2

Which factors are controlling heart rate and ventilation in exercise?

a) Before start
b) 0-2 minutes
c) 3-5 minutes

Answer 2

• Carotid/central chemoreceptors
• Emotional/consciousness factors
• Voluntary control
• Mechanoreceptors
• Central radiation

Question 3

The relationship between exercise intensity and steady-state heart rate is?

Answer 3

A straight line

Question 4

The relationship between exercise intensity and steady-state heart rate can be used to?

Answer 4

predict max heart rate, to estimate energy expenditure or heart efficiency - fitness

Question 5

Increases in exercise intensity cause an

Answer 5

increase in systolic blood pressures,

while diastolic pressure remains relatively unchanged

Question 6

Stroke volume is determined by:

Answer 6

Preload - venous return & ventricular extensibility (Frank-Starling)

Afterload – Ventricular contractility and aortic pressure

Cardiac output = SV x HR

Question 7

CPX (cardiopulmonary exercise)testing includes:

Answer 7

●monitoring of respiratory gas exchange,
●minute ventilation (͘VE) -  tidal volume and respiratory rate
●blood pressure,
●heart rate and
●ECG.

Question 8

Patients with cardiovascular or respiratory disease of mild-to-moderate severity frequently note limiting symptoms of?

Answer 8

Fatigue or breathlessness during physical activity.

Question 9

Non-invasive CPX testing may help determine the impairment in aerobic capacity, abnormalities in ventilation with exercise, and their severity in patients with lung disease, these parameters are not necessarily diagnostic.

True or false?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Physical activity reduces the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke

True or false?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Low levels of activity and low cardiovascular fitness are associated with?

Answer 11

• Increased risk of hypertension
• Increased risk of asymptomatic PVD (peripheral vascular disease)
• hypertension
• diabetes

Question 12

The reduction in hypertension risk is likely to be a result of?

Answer 12

reduced TPR(total peripheral resistance) due to increased blood vessel diameter

Question 13

Effects of physical activity

Answer 13

• reduces BP
• decreases LDL/increases HDL
• decreases inflammation (and thus reduces the risk of damage to blood vessels by C-reactive protein, which could initiate atherosclerosis
• reduces blood clotting