Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CARDIO - RESP BLOCK > Anatomy Of The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Anatomy Of The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

The thoracic cage is made up of

A

1) Sternum
2) 12 pairs of ribs
3) Thoracic vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of thoracic cage

A

To be provide structure and to protect thoracic contents (ie heart and lungs!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The thoracic cage has an ability to change its volume of space during inhalation/exhalation to allow our lungs to expand

True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The rib cage is also known as?

A

Thoracic cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The breastbone is the?

A

Sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The sternum is made up of

A

1) Manubrium
2) Body
3) Xiphoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sternum angle is found at what level?

A

T4 of vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ribs attach atpnteriorly to the sternum via?

A

Costal cartilages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tip of diploid process is located ?

A

T10 vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the ribs

A

The ribs are a set of TWELVE pairs of bone which also help create the protective ‘cage’ of the thorax.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Only the costal cartilages of which ribs articulate directly sigh the sternum?

What are they called?

A

Ribs 1-7

TRUE RIBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which ribs do not articulate directly with the sternum with their costal cartilages.

A

Ribs 8-10

They attach to costal cartilages of ribs superior to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which ribs have no anterior connection with other ribs or with the sternum ?

What are they called?

A

Ribs 11 and 12

FLOATING RIBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two classification of ribs

A

Typical

Atypical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Typical ribs

A

Generalised structure

Consists of :

  • head
  • neck
  • body AKA shaft
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Head of typical ribs

A

The head has 2 articular facets separated by a wedge of bone. The lower facet articulates with the numerically corresponding vertebrae, and the other facet, articulates with the vertebrae above.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neck of typical ribs

A

The neck simply connects the head with the body.
Where the neck meets the body, there is a roughed tubercle, with a facet for articulation with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Body/shaft of typical ribs

A

The body, or shaft of the rib is flat and curved. The internal surface of the shaft has a groove which protects blood vessels and nerves. This is called the costal groove.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the groove?

A

The internal surface of the shaft has a groove which protects blood vessels and nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the atypical ribs?

A

Ribs 1, 2, 10, 11 and 13

Features not common to all the ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Atypical rib 1

A

Is shorter and wider than the other ribs. It only has one facet on its head for articulation with its corresponding vertebrae (there isn’t a thoracic vertebrae above it). The superior surface is marked by two grooves, which make way for the subclavian vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which rib is shorter and wider than the other ribs. It only has one facet on its head for articulation with its corresponding vertebrae (there isn’t a thoracic vertebrae above it). The superior surface is marked by two grooves, which make way for the subclavian vessels.

A

(Atypical )Rib 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which rib is thinner and longer than rib 1, and has two articular facets on the head as normal. It has a roughened area on its upper surface, where the serratus anterior muscle attaches.

A

(Atypical) rib 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which is rib has only has one facet – for articulation with its numerically corresponding vertebrae.

A

(Atypical) rib 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which ribs articulate only with the bodies of their own vertebrae and have no tubercles or necks. Both ribs are short, have little curve, and are pointed anteriorly

A

(Atypical) Ribs 11 and 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ribs 3-9 can described as?

A

Typical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Jugular notch is AKA?

A

Suprasternal notch x superior border of manubrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Sternal angle is AKA ?

A

Angle of Louis - manubrium & body join

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the Subcostal plane ?

A

Lower border of ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae at what levels?

A

T1 - T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Each thoracic vertebra has

A

Two Demi-facets, superiorly and inferiorly placed on either side of its vertebral body.

The demi facets articulate with the heads of two different ribs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Rib 2 articulates with ?

A

Inferior Demi facet of the thoracic at T1

&

Superior Demi facet at T2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Location of Transverse costal facet ?

A

On the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae

Used for articulation with the shaft of a single rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Rib 2 articulates with the costal facets at what level?

A

T2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Each rib forms 2 joints?

A

Costovertebral joint

Costotransverse joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Explain costovertebral joint

A

Between the head of the rib, superior costal facet of the corresponding vertebrae, and the inferior costal facet of the vertebrae above.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Explain costotransverve joint

A

Between the tubercle of the rib, and the transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

We can divide the respiratory system structurally into?

A

Upper

Lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Upper respiratory system

A

Nose, nasal passages,

paranasal sinuses, pharynx and portion of the larynx above the vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Lower respiratory system

A

Nose, nasal passages,

paranasal sinuses, pharynx and portion of the larynx above the vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are conchae ?

A

Inside the nasal cavity on the lateral wall of each nostril lies 3 bones covered in layers of mucosa. These are called the conchae.

On both the left and right side we have a superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Function of conchae

A

The function of the conchae is to increase surface area and spin the air so that the inhaled air can be warmed and moistened ready to travel to the lungs to allow effective gaseous exchange.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The soft palate ends at a region known as

A

Uvula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The oral cavity is bordered superiorly and anteriorly by

A

Hard palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The oral cavity is bordered posteriorly by

A

Soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Pharynx can de divided into 3 parts

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Nasopharynx

A

posterior to nasal cavities and above soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Oropharynx

A

posterior to oral cavity, inferior to the level of the soft palate, and superior to the upper margin of the epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

extends from the superior margin of the epiglottis to the top of the oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Which structure extends from the superior margin of the epiglottis to the top of the oesophagus

A

Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Which structure is posterior to oral cavity, inferior to the level of the soft palate, and superior to the upper margin of the epiglottis

A

Oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Which structure is posterior to nasal cavities and above soft palate

A

Nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Trache, bronchi and bronchioles form?

A

Trachebronchial tree

54
Q

What is the trachea bronchial tree?

A

A system of airways that allow passage of air into

the lungs, where gas exchange occurs.

55
Q

Where do we find our vocal chords?

A

Larynx

56
Q

How is sound made?

A

Sound is created by forcing air through the vocal folds of the larynx which vibrate to make noise. This is how we talk/sing!

57
Q

Describe structure and function of epiglottis

A

Keeps food and drink from going down the windpipe. This sturdy flap of cartilage is designed to snap shut automatically when we swallow, closing off the airway and shunting the sustenance down the oesophagus to meet its digestive fate!

58
Q

What structure keeps food and drink from going down the windpipe. This sturdy flap of cartilage is designed to snap shut automatically when we swallow, closing off the airway and shunting the sustenance down the oesophagus to meet its digestive fate!

A

Epiglottis

59
Q

Trachea runs at what level?

A

T5-T6

60
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcated into left & right primary bronchi ?

A

T6

61
Q

Structure of trachea

A

The trachea is formed of C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage, held together by dense connective tissue

62
Q

Posteriorly, at the junction where the trachea is in contact with the oesophagus, the trachea has a membrane void of cartilage and covered in smooth muscle called?

A

Trachealis muscle

63
Q

What lies at the bifurcation of the trachea?

A

Carina- a ridge

64
Q

Importance of carina

A

The carina is a key landmark in determining pathologies. Widening/ distortion of the carina can often indicate cancer in the lymph nodes that lie just inferior to the carina.

65
Q

Name of lymph nodes that lie just inferior to the carina

A

Inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes

66
Q

Structure of bronchi

A

The bronchi have characteristic hyaline cartilage rings, supporting them, the same as in the trachea.

67
Q

Which bronchi is wider, shorter and lies at a steep vertical angles?

A

Right bronchi

68
Q

Which bronchi is narrower and more horizontal ?

A

Left bronchi

69
Q

Inhaled foreign objects are more likely to get lodged in which bronchi?

A

Right side of bronchi

70
Q

The left & right bronchi divide into?

A

Secondary bronchi

71
Q

How many are the secondary bronchi?

A

2 on the left
3 on the right

These divisions correspond to the number of lobes in each lung!

72
Q

Secondary bronchi further divide to give rise to?

A

Tertiary (segmental) bronchi - 10 for each lung

73
Q

Each tertiary bronchi gives rise to ?

A

Terminal bronchioles - DO NO LONGER HAVE CARTILAGE IN THEIR WAKKSM

74
Q

Terminal bronchioles branch into ?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

75
Q

Each respiratory bronchiole ends in?

A

An acinus of clustered alveoli

76
Q

What is the main function of the lungs?

A

GAS EXCHANGE OF O2 AND CO2

77
Q

Which structure lies inferior to lungs and separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm

78
Q

How do lungs carry out their function?

A

divisions correspond to the number of lobes in each lung!

79
Q

Serious membrane that surrounds each lung

A

Pleural sac

80
Q

Composition of pleural sac

A

Two serous layers:

  • parietal pleura
  • visceral pleura

Thin space between them called = pleural cavity which contains the pleural fluid

81
Q

Where is the pleural fluid located?

What is its function?

A

In pleural cavity

Lubrification between layers of pleura as the lungs expand = PREVENT FRICTION

82
Q

Parietal pleura lines internal surface of thoracic cavity.

Which structures?

A

Diaphragm - diaphragmatic parietal pleura

Mediastinum - mediastinal parietal pleura

Surface of ribs - costal parietal pleura

Root of neck - cervical parietal pleura

83
Q

Visceral pleura lines?

A

Intimately attached to each lung; Following the contour of the lobes.

The visceral pleura is contiguous with the parietal pleura at the hilum of each lung

84
Q

Lungs lobes on the right

A

3= superior, middle & inferior

Divided by oblique fissure and horizontal fissure

85
Q

Lungs lobes on the left

A

2= superior & inferior

Divided by oblique fissure

86
Q

Each lung can be divided in how many segments?

A

10

87
Q

Right lung segments?

A 
I = apical
II = posterior 
III = anterior
IV= lateral
V= medial
VI= superior 
VII= anterior and medial basal 
VIII= anterior and medial basal 
IX= lateral basal 
X= posterior basal
88
Q

Left lung segments

A 
I = apical
II = posterior 
III = anterior
IV= superior lingula
V= inferior lingula 
VI= superior
VI, VIII= anterior and medial basal 
IX= lateral basal 
X= posterior basal
89
Q

Fissures in right lung

A

Oblique and horizontal

90
Q

Fissures in left lung

A

Oblique only

91
Q

Unique right lung feature

A

Larger and heavier than left lung, shorter and wider (due to higher right hemidiaphragm

92
Q

Left lung unique feature

A

Superior lobe characterised by the lingual and a deep cardiac notch

93
Q

In pulmonary circulation arteries carry?

A

DEOXYGENATED BLOOD

94
Q

In pulmonary circulation veins carry?

A

OXYGENATED Blood

95
Q

Pulmonary arteries deliver blood to ?

A

Capillaries around the alveoli where gaseous exchange takes place

96
Q

These deliver blood to capillaries around the alveoli where gaseous exchange takes place

A

Pulmonary arteries

97
Q

These veins return blood back to the heart

A

Pulmonary veins

98
Q

Name of the entrance to the lung on each lungs medial aspect through which these vessels run?

A

The Hilum

99
Q

Trachea no bronchial tree receive blood from

A

Thoracic aorta

100
Q

Bronchial arteries branch from ?

A

Thoracic adirata

Or sometimes from posterior intercostal arteries

101
Q

On the left, bronchial veins drain ?

A

Into the accessory hemiazygos vein which drains in to azygos (on right), into SVC.

102
Q

On the right , bronchial veins drain?

A

Into the azygos vein

103
Q

The inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes can blunt the carina when enlarged → indicating pathology

True or false?

A

True

104
Q

Lymph fluid drains from the heart and lungs through the ?

A

The inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes

105
Q

Lymph nodes into the ?

A

broncho-mediastinal trunks on the left and right

106
Q

On the left, the mediastinal trunk drains into?

A

The thoracic duct

107
Q

On the right, the mediastinal trunk drains into the ?

A

jugulosubclavian junction

108
Q

Most important muscle of respiration

Separates thoracic and abdominal cavity by forming floor of thoracic cavity and roof of abdominal cavity

A

Diaphragm

109
Q

Structure of diaphragm

A

Peripherally is muscular – muscle fibres unite as a CENTRAL TENDON OF THE DIAPHRAGM more centrally.

110
Q

Attachments of diaphragm

A

1) Costal cartilages and inner surface of ribs 7 – 12
2) Lumbar vertebrae and associated discs
3) Xiphoid process of sternum

111
Q

The parts of the diaphragm that arise from the vertebrae are known as the?

A

Right and left crura

112
Q

Right cry’s arises from?

A

L1-L3 and their intervertebral discs

113
Q

Left crus arises from

A

L1-L2 and their intervertebral disc

114
Q

Diaphragm is inverate by

A

Phrenic nerve ( C3, C4, C5 … Keels the diaphragm ALIVE!)

115
Q

Contraction of diaphragm results in?

A

Downward movement of central tendon

+

Increase in vertical size of thoracic cavity in INHALATION

116
Q

Relaxation of the diaphragm results in ?

A

Returning to resting position

+

Decrease in vertical size of thoracic cavity in EXHALATION

117
Q

There are 3 major openings in the diaphragm which allow 3 very important structures to pass from the thoracic to the abdominal cavity?

A
  • IVC passes through at T8 level
  • Oesophagus passes through at T10 level
  • Aorta passes though at T12 level
118
Q

Space between ribs is called

A

Intercostal space

119
Q

Each intercostal space contains

A

Intercostal muscles - help to move the ribs during breathing/ changing the volume within the thoracic cavity during respiration.

120
Q

Types of intercostal muscles?

A

External

Internal

Innermost

121
Q

Contraction of which muscles causes the ribs to elevate?

A

External intercostal muscles

122
Q

Contraction of which muscles draws adjacent ribs nearer together?

A

Internal intercostal muscles

123
Q

The neurovascular bundle runs along the inferior aspect of the rib in the?

A

Costal groove

124
Q

The neurovascular bundle runs in which arrangement?

A

Superior > inferior

  • Intercostal Vein
  • Intercostal Artery
  • Intercostal Nerve
125
Q

Relaxed inhalation uses which muscles?

A

Diaphragm

External intercostal muscles

126
Q

Forced exhalation uses which muscles?

A

Internal intercostal muscles

Innermost intercostal muscles

127
Q

What are additional muscles that act when deeper or more forceful breathing is required (e.g. during vigorous exercise). Often patients with acute respiratory distress (e.g. asthma attack) use their accessory muscles

A

Accessory muscles of respiration

128
Q

Accessory muscles for forced inhalation are?

A

Sternocleidomastoid m.

Pectoralis minor m.

Scalene Mm.

129
Q

Accessory muscles for forced expiration

A

External oblique m. - depresses rib cage during forced expiration

Internal oblique m. - depresses rib cage during forced expiration

Transversus m. - compresses ribs

Rectus abdominis m. - depresses rib cage

130
Q

Sternocleidomastoid m. Is innervates by ?

A

Accessory nerve

CARDIO - RESP BLOCK (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions