Physiology - Packman Flashcards
Mucous Neck Cells
produce mucous and bicarbonate
Parietal/Oxcytinc cells
produce HCL/gastric acid and intrinsic factor
Intrinsic factor
secreted from stomach and necessary for VIt B12 absorption
Enterochromaffin-like cells
produce histamines
Histamines
stimulate production of HCL/gastric acid, liberated by gastrin and PS system
Chief/zymogenic cells
produce pepsinogen/proteolytic enzyme and gastric lipase
Pepsinogen
produced as an inactive zymogen, activated in presence of HCL to become pepsin
D cells
produce hormone somatostatin
Somatostatin
secreted when acid is present in stomach, inhibits gastric acid secretion - how we control secretion of too much acid
G cells
produce gastrin, released by gastrin releasing factor
Gastrin
stimulates production of HCL, increases peristalsis, vasodilator; relaxes pyloric sphincter
Pyloric glands
globet cells, produce mucus and gastrin
Gastrin, histamine, ACH
stimulate HCL production
H2 receptor
on parietal cells, histamine binds to stimulate gastric secretion and HCL; H2 blockers - Zantac - inhibit HCL formation
Gastric Juice contains
HCL, Pepsin, AMylase, Gelatinase, Tribulyrase, Rennin - infants
Ghrelin
hormone released from mucosa of stomach, stimulates CNS -inc appetite, CCK increases satiety
Digestion of milk
casein –> rennin –> paracasein + Ca
proton pump inhibitors
reduce HCL production, parietal cells secrete HCL into lumen, inhibit the K/H ATPase pump
Zollinger-Ellison Synddrom
tumors increase gastrin release –> inc HCL –> Ulcers and GERD
Ulcers
break in even continuity of tissue, peptic ulcers - ulcer comes in contact with gastric juice
Intrinsic/Engdogenous resons for ulcers
1) Excess/inc HCL - will inc pepsin
2) decrease mucus
3) decrease in mucus resistance
4) helicobactor pylori
Extrinsic/exogenous factors for ulcers
1)NSAIDS
2)Alcohol
3)Smoking
both inc HCL and pepsin
4)Stress
Celiacs Disease
child, cells and galnds of stomach become flattened and can’t effectively digest food and electroylyte absorption in intestinses is diminishes; sensitive to gluten; outgrows
Non-tropical sprue
adult; cells and glands in stomach and intestine become flat and is sensitive to gluten and wheat; autoimmune
carbonic anhydrase
provides H+ for HCL production
VIP
inhibits pyloric sphincter from opening, prevents rush of food
Crypt of leiberkuhn
goblet cells produce mucus and paneth cells produce enzymes; in intestine
CCK
inhibits motility in stomach, inhibits gastric secretion; inhibits pyloric sphincter; stimulates pancrease secretion rich in enzymes; contracts gallbladder and relaxes sphincter of oddi to release bile into small intestine
Secretin
inhibits motility in stomach, inhibits gastric secretion; acid -> prosecretin +HCL –> secretin; stimulates pancrease to release alkaline material - bicarbonate; neutralizes acid
GIP
inhibits material in gastric secretion - inhibits motility in stomach, inhibits gastric secretion
Somatostatin
decreases motility, decrease gastric juice production
LIver bile secretion
bile –> hepatic duct –> gallbladder –> vestibule /ampulla of vater –> sphincter of oddi
Islets of Langerhans
pancreas, endocrine
Trypsinogen
enerokinase converts to trypsin; pancreas enzyme; attacks proteins
Chymotrypsinogen
activated by trypsin to chymotrypsin; attacks proteins; pancreas enzyme
Procarbaxypolypepidase
activated by trypsin, attacks proteins, pancreas enzyme
Enzymes of Pancreas
release is stimulated by CCK
Enzymes of Small intestine
secretions occur in crypt of leiberkuhn;
gallstones
calcium phosphate
Enterocrinin
intestinal enzymes, causes release of enzymes from the small intestine
