Labs Cardiovascular

Question 1

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 1

cardiac damage - LABS:
INC - Troponin
INC - Creatine Kinase (CK)

Question 2

CKMB

Answer 2

Creatine Kinase; INC in myocardial cell damage, mixed

Question 3

CKBB

Answer 3

brain cell damage, elevated after stroke

Question 4

CKMM

Answer 4

skeletal muscle cell damage

Question 5

Fridewald formula

Answer 5

TC = HDL + LDL + VLDL
*LDL = TC - HDL - (TG/5)
VLDL = TG/5
Target TC - <200mg/dl

Question 6

TG

Answer 6

triglycerides

Question 7

TC

Answer 7

total cholesterol

Question 8

Square on ECG

Answer 8

=40 msec

5 squares = 200msec

Question 9

P wave

Answer 9

2 squares; 80msec

Question 10

PR interval

Answer 10

4 squares; 160 msec

Question 11

QRS complex

Answer 11

2 squares; 80 msec

Question 12

QT interval

Answer 12

8-10 squares; 340-440 msec

Question 13

Corrected QT/Bazetts Formula

Answer 13

use when HR is abnormal

QTc=(QTmsec)/[(60/HR)^1/2]

Question 14

Detn HR from ECG

Answer 14

heavy black lines –> 300, 150, 100 - 75, 60, 50

Question 15

Rhythm

Answer 15

1) P wave in front of every QRS
2) P wave appearance
3) QRS appearance
4) PQRST patterns

Question 16

Atrial Fibrillation

Answer 16

No P waves, normal QRS, irregular, bags of worms - inc HR

Question 17

Ischemia

Answer 17

Inverted and symmetrical T wave, (significant Q wave if develop MI)

Question 18

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 18

significant Q wave: either 1) width>/= 40msec or 2) its 1/3 the amplitude of QRS; permanent

Question 19

Hyperkalemia

Answer 19

Moderate: flattened P waves, wide QRS, peaked T - so pointy it would be painful to sit on
Extreme: no P, QRS widens - not compatible w/ life

Question 20

Digitalis Toxicity

Answer 20

downward sloping ST - Salvidor Dali mustache - bradycardia