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A&P for speech > physiology of the phonatory system > Flashcards

physiology of the phonatory system Flashcards

1
Q

is there muscle in the false VFs?

A

no

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2
Q

the false VFs are the _____

A

outer layers

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3
Q

the true VFs are the __________

A

inner layers

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4
Q

the superficial and epithelial tissue make the

A

cover layer

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5
Q

the intermediate and the deep make the

A

vocal ligament

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6
Q

the superficial, intermediate, and deep make the

A

lamina propia

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7
Q

the vocal folds are made up of

A

5 layers with 5 tissue types

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8
Q

the average female thyroid cartilage has a ________________

A

broader thyroid angle

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9
Q

the broader thyroid angle causes a __________ between the adducted vocal folds

A

posterior glottal gap

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10
Q

the posterior glottal gap leads to

A

breathiness

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11
Q

males have a __ angle

A

smaller

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12
Q

opening and closing the glottis by active muscular force

A

abduction and adduction

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13
Q

adduction helps with

A

swallowing and phonating

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14
Q

abduction helps with

A

breathing

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15
Q

opening and closing the adducted vocal folds by aerodynamic and myoelasic forces; also determines pitch

A

vocal fold vibration

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16
Q

opening and closing the glottis using the muscles of

A

adduction and abduction

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17
Q

glottal friction aspiration

A

noise

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18
Q

breathy , normal, creaky

A

voicing

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19
Q

glottal stop

A

silence

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20
Q

over adduction of the VFs can cause

A

creaky voice

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21
Q
  • allowing airflow and sublgottal pressure to blow the adducted vocal folds apart
  • allowing elastic recoil forces and the bernouli effect to bring them back together
A

the open/close cycle of VF vibration

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22
Q

what determines if the VFs are open or closed

A

arytenoids

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23
Q

1st step in one cycle of phonation

A

VFs are adducted and subglottal pressure begins to build up

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24
Q

2nd step in one cycle of phonation

A

subglottal pressure begins to deform the inferior surface of the VFs as pressure continues to build (like skydiving)

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25
Q

3rd step in one cycle of phonation

A
  • traveling surface wave in the mucosa

- the mass of high pressure air begins to develop modulations as it is affected by the motion of the mucosa

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26
Q

4th step in one cycle of phonation

A

the complex wave of compressed subglottal air breaks free and begins to emerge, from between the VFs — a glottal pulse

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27
Q

5th step in one cycle of phonation

A

aerodynamic and elastic recoil forces begin to bring to VFs back together

bernouli effect begins to occur

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28
Q

during the bernouli effect in phonation

A

kinetic energy increases as pressure decreases

29
Q

6th step in one cycle of phonation

A

the VFs come back together beginning at the inferior surface

30
Q

7th step in one cycle of phonation

A

after a brief period of time the entire medial surface of the VFs come back together

vertical phase difference

31
Q

amount of time for bottom of VFs and top of VFs to touch

A

vertical phase difference

32
Q

8th step in one cycle of phonation

A

finally the VFs close enough to once again provide a barrier to airflow and permitting subglottal pressure to being building again

33
Q

getting ready to produce voicing by adducting the VFs

A

pre-phonation

34
Q

producing voicing by allowing the adducted vocal folds to vibrate

A

attack

35
Q

the period during which the vocal folds move from an abducted position to an adducted position

A

pre phonation phase

36
Q

pre-phonation phase

A
  • VFs become adducted
  • controlled exhalation is occurring
  • subglottal pressure builds up below the adducted VFs
37
Q

the period during which the VFs undergo regular cycles of aerodynamic and myoelastic vibration

A

attack phase

38
Q
  • VFs are adducted
  • controlled exhalation
  • subglottal pressure begins to deform VF from below
  • sound wave, glottal pulse
  • bernoulli effect
  • elastic recoil forces operate to return the VFs to a non-deformed position
A

attack phase

39
Q

breathy voice
normal voice
creaky voice

A

medial compression

40
Q

pitch modulation

loudness modulation

A

longitudinal tension

41
Q

endoscopy
stroboscopy
translumination

A

measurement of laryngeal functions

42
Q

the activity of the muscles that control adduction also helps contribute to the amount of tension in the VFs

A

medical compression

43
Q

which muscles adduct the vocal folds and also help squeeze them together?

A

lateral cricoarytenoids, arytenoids, muscularis

44
Q

there is a _____ relationship between the extent of medial compression and the magnitude of the air pressure required to initiate phonation

A

direct

45
Q

the muscles that control the stretching and tensing forces applied to the vocal folds that change the pitch of the voice

A

longitudinal tension

46
Q

which muscles make the VFs longer, more tense overall, and less massive per unit of length

A

cricoidthyroid

47
Q

which muscles make the VFs more tense internally, more flaccid at the vibrating edge, shorter, and more massive per unit of length?

A

vocalis

48
Q

which two muscles must be involved to control pitch?

A

vocalis and cricoidthyroid

49
Q

our perception of the fundamental frequency of phonation which is the number of cycles of phonation per second, or hertz, the vocal folds produce when they are vibrating

A

pitch of the voice

50
Q

thicker, more flaccid folds vibrate more _________

A

slowly

51
Q

thinner more tense folds vibrate ________

A

quickly

52
Q

____ vibration is perceived as ____ pitch

A

faster; higher

53
Q

_____ vibration as _____ pitch

A

slower; lower

54
Q

mass per unit length must be decreased by a factor of ____ in order to _____ the frequency of vibration—– cricothyroid action

A

4;doubled

55
Q

habitual pitch is closer to the _____ limits of the individuals pitch range

A

lower

56
Q

to lower pitch below habitual pitch, the _____ must contract; and the lateral cricoarytenoid may help by providing needed medial compression to maintain adduction

A

vocalis

57
Q

extrinsic laryngeal muscles (___________) are also active

A

strap muscles

58
Q

the intensity of phonation is a function of the amount of subglottal pressure being produced by controlled exhalation during speech breathing

A

loudness modulation

59
Q

____ intensity is perceived as a _____ sound

A

higher; louder

60
Q

____ intensity as a _____ sound

A

lower; softer

61
Q

the sound intensity level of the voice will increase by about _____ when subglottal pressure is _____

A

8-12; doubles

62
Q

speakers can vary intensity by as much as _____ by controlling the rate of airflow

A

70 dB

63
Q

as pitch rises …..

A

subglottal pressure must rise

64
Q

speakers can produce a larger dynamic range of intensity at the ______

A

mid range of pitch

65
Q

a narrow device equipped with a light source and a small camera that can be inserted down the throat to take pictures of laryngeal function

A

endoscope

66
Q

an endoscope with a stroboscopic light source that permits the viewer to observe phonation in what appears to be slow motion

A

stroboscope

67
Q

a procedure in which a light sensor placed on the neck near the level of the glottis measure a light source that shines through the glottis during abduction and phonation

A

translumination

68
Q

for phonation to occur the muscles of _____ must operate to bring the VFs together

A

adduction

69
Q

phonation is the ____ source for speech

A

sound

A&P for speech (12 decks)

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