alimentation

Question 1

process of acquiring nutrition

Answer 1

alimentation

Question 2

what are the stages of alimentation

Answer 2

preparatory
oral
pharyngeal
esophageal

Question 3

what are the voluntary stages of alimentation

Answer 3

preparatory
oral
pharyngeal

Question 4

what are the involuntary stages of alimentation

Answer 4

esophageal

Question 5

during which stage of alimentation do we refer out to GI if there are complications

Answer 5

esophageal

Question 6

what is the first step of the preparatory stage

Answer 6

ingestion

Question 7

what happens during ingestion

Answer 7

lips seal; oro-facial muscles active

Question 8

what is happening during the preparatory stage

Answer 8

mastication

Question 9

what are the steps in mastication

Answer 9

1. ingestion
2. tongue cups, bunches in posterior, seals at alveolar ridge
3. velum depresses
4. salivary glands produce serous and mucous secretions
5. buccinator and risorius contract (to keep mouth closed)
6. tongue moves bolus to teeth or to hard palate
7. mandibular muscles alternate to chew

Question 10

what is a bolus

Answer 10

masticated food

Question 11

what motion do we use to chew

Answer 11

rotary

Question 12

what are the salivary glands

Answer 12

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 13

what is happening in the oral stage of alimentation

Answer 13

propulsion of the bolus

Question 14

what are the steps of the propulsion of the bolus

Answer 14

1. tongue dorsum depresses and retracts
2. front of tongue body elevates to hard palate
3. bolus reaches faucial pillars, velum, and tongue dorsum

Question 15

what is the trigger point in alimentation

Answer 15

tongue dorsum

Question 16

what is happening in the pharyngeal stage of alimentation

Answer 16

deglutition (swallowing)

Question 17

at what stage of alimentation do you stop breathing

Answer 17

pharyngeal

Question 18

what are the steps of deglutition

Answer 18

1. respiration stops
   - velum elevates
   - vocal folds adduct
   - epiglottis descends
2. larynx rises and advances
3. cricopharyngeus relaxes
4. posterior faucial pillars (palatopharyngeus) move medially
5. upper, middle, and inferior pharyngeal muscles contract in sequence
6. bolus splits at epiglottis and passes through the pyriform to the esophageal opening

Question 19

what is happening during the esophageal stage

Answer 19

transit

Question 20

what are the steps of transit

Answer 20

1. bolus passes the upper esophageal sphincter and the cricopharyngeus contracts
2. respiration resumes
3. bolus travels through the esophagus by peristaltic motion of the smooth muscles
4. bolus reaches the lower esophageal constrictor

Question 21

what are the sensory stimuli in alimentation

Answer 21

gustatory
olfactory
tactile

Question 22

• taste
• sweet, salty, umami stimulate salivation, tongue protrusion, release of insulin
• bitter and sour stimulate gagging, coughing, excess salivation

Answer 22

gustatory

Question 23

• pleasant odors stimulate emotion, memory, salivation

- noxious odors stimulate gagging and vomiting

Answer 23

olfactory

Question 24

• pressure
• heat
• pain

Answer 24

tactile