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A&P for speech > physiology of the articulatory system > Flashcards

physiology of the articulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

the sounds produced by the vocal tract as air is forced through it and begins to resonate

A

segments

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2
Q

sounds differentiate into ______ and _____ as the size and shape of the cavities of the vocal tract change with the movements of the articulators

A

consonants; vowels

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3
Q

which cavities can resonate?

A

any air filled cavities

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4
Q

segments produced with a relatively closed vocal tract (mandible elevated)

A

consonants

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5
Q

the location of the closure and the degree of closure determines in part which _______ is being produced

A

consonant

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6
Q

the presence or absence of _______ during consonant articulation also helps distinguish among consonants

A

phonation

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7
Q

what is the vertical axis of the consonant chart indicating?

A

degree of constriction

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8
Q

what are the degrees of constriction?

A

stop
affricative
fricative
approximant

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9
Q

what is the horizontal axis of the consonant chart indicating?

A

location of constriction

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10
Q

what are the locations of constriction?

A

labial
lingual
glottal

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11
Q

where the articulators touch or come closest to touching

A

places of articulation

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12
Q

what are the place of articulation?

A 
bilabial
labiovelar
labiodental
interdental
alveolar
alveopalatal
palatal
velar
uvular
pharyngeal
glottal
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13
Q

place of articulation on the upper and lower lips

A

bilabial

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14
Q

place of articulation on the upper and lower lips as well as tongue dorsum and velum

A

labiovelar

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15
Q

place of articulation on the upper teeth and lower lip

A

labiodental

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16
Q

place of articulation on the tongue tip between upper and lower teeth

A

interdental

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17
Q

place of articulation on the tongue tip or blade and alveolar ridge

A

alveolar

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18
Q

place of articulation on the tongue blade or front of tongue body and post-alveolar region

A

alveopalatal

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19
Q

place of articulation on the center of the tongue body and hard palate

A

palatal

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20
Q

place of articulation on the tongue dorsum ad anterior surface of velum

A

velar

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21
Q

place of articulation on the tongue dorsum and uvula

A

uvular

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22
Q

place of articulation on the tongue dorsum or root and pharyngeal wall

A

pharyngeal

23
Q

place of articulation in the deep throat next to the glottis

A

glottal

24
Q

if the nasal cavity is coupled with the oral and pharyngeal cavity the velum is ____ and the velo-pharyngeal port is ____; such consonants are _____

A

down, open, nasal

25
Q

if the nasal cavity is not coupled with the oral and pharyngeal cavity then the velum is ____ and touching the ______, and the velo-pharyngeal port is _____; such sounds are ____

A

up, pharyngeal, closed, oral

26
Q

if the tongue blade is in a normal, relatively flat shape, the sound is ______

A

central

27
Q

is the side of the tongue blade are curled down the sound is ______

A

lateral

28
Q

if the tongue tip is in a normal, relatively flat position, the sound has ______________

A

no particular term describing it

29
Q

if the tongue tip is curled up and back the sound is ___________

A

retroflex

30
Q

touching articulators

A

stops

31
Q

close enough to create noise articulators

A

fricatives

32
Q

far enough apart to produce a smooth flow of air articulators

A

approximants

33
Q

sounds that begin like a stop and end like a fricative

A

affricative

34
Q

a very brief stop made with a touch or a brush of the tongue tip or blade

A

taps and flaps

35
Q

a series of very fast stops usually used in spanish

A

trills

36
Q

segments produced with a relatively open vocal tract (mandible depressed)

A

vowels

37
Q

the size and shape of the three cavities determine which _____ is produced (position and shape)

A

vowel

38
Q

some vowels are made with a stable vocal tract shape; ____________

A

monophthongs

39
Q

some are made while the shape is changing; ____________

A

diphthongs

40
Q

vowels are usually _________

A

voiced

41
Q

the vertical side of the vowel chart is the

A

mandible height

42
Q

the horizontal side of the vowel chart is the

A

tongue position

43
Q

diphthong vowels are made using a _______

A

mobile vocal tract

44
Q

how closed is the mouth?

how high is the tongue in the mouth?

A

height

45
Q

how far forward or backward is the tongue in the mouth?

A

frontness or backness

46
Q

how are the lips shaped?

unrounded
spread
rounded

A

lip position

47
Q

does the vowel have “r-coloring”?

if so, the tongue is retroflexed, and the sound is called a rhotic

A

rhotacization

48
Q

S

A

mandible is elevated for the fricative consonant

temporalis, masseter, and internal pterygoid muscles are contracted

tongue is advanced in the oral cavity (genioglossus) and the tip is elevated toward the alveolar ridge (superior longitudinal tongue muscle) to produce the alveolar fricative

velum is up to produce an oral sound (uvula and levator veli palatini)

49
Q

W

A

mandible is slightly depressed to produce the approximant consonant

anterior belly digastric, external pterygoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid

lips are rounded (orbicularis oris) and tongue dorsum is elevated and retracted toward velum (palatoglossus and styloglossus); tongue body bunches up for labio-velar sound (transverse tongue muscle)

velum remains up for oral sound (uvula and levator veli palatini)

50
Q

I

A

mandible is depressed further for the high front vowel (anterior belly of digastric, external pterygoid, mylohoid, and geniohyoid)

tongue is again advanced in the oral cavity to produce a front vowel (genioglossus) and the body continues elevated to produce a high vowel (palatoglossus)

velum is still up (uvula and levator palatini) for the oral sound

lips spread (buccinator and risorius muscle)

51
Q

M

A

mandible is elevated to produce the stop consonant (temporalis, masseter, and interal pterygoid muscles)

lips are compressed for bilabial articulation (buccinator)

velum is depressed for a nasal sound ( palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus)

52
Q

the unique form of oral output produced by the human vocal organs using physiological processes that evolved for the life sustaining functions of respiration and ailmentation

A

speech sounds

53
Q

the results of a cognitive process that permits us to assign meaning to these sounds and use them for communication

A

language

A&P for speech (12 decks)

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